Welcome to the Volcanoes and Geothermal Activity MCQs with Answers. In this post, we are sharing Volcanoes and Geothermal Activity Multiple Choice Questions and Answers in Everyday Science section for various competitive exams in Pakistan. Each question offers a chance to enhance your knowledge regarding Volcanoes and Geothermal Activity online MCQs Test.
What is the term for a volcano that is currently erupting or has erupted recently?
a) Dormant
b) Extinct
c) Active
d) Inactive
Which type of volcano is characterized by a broad, shield-like shape and formed primarily from basaltic lava flows?
a) Stratovolcano
b) Cinder cone
c) Shield volcano
d) Lava dome
What is the name of the magma chamber’s vent through which volcanic gases and molten rock are expelled?
a) Crater
b) Vent
c) Caldera
d) Fumarole
Which volcanic hazard involves the ejection of hot, fragmented rock and volcanic ash during an eruption?
a) Lava flow
b) Pyroclastic flow
c) Lahar
d) Tephra
What is the term for a large, depression formed when a volcano’s magma chamber collapses after an eruption?
a) Caldera
b) Crater
c) Fumarole
d) Lava tube
Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by explosive activity and the ejection of ash and gas?
a) Effusive
b) Explosive
c) Hawaiian
d) Vulcanian
What term describes the molten rock that is expelled from a volcano?
a) Tephra
b) Lava
c) Ash
d) Pyroclastic flow
Which type of volcano is formed primarily by explosive eruptions and has steep sides composed of alternating layers of ash and lava?
a) Shield volcano
b) Cinder cone
c) Stratovolcano
d) Lava dome
What is the term for a volcanic mudflow that occurs when volcanic ash mixes with water?
a) Tephra
b) Lahar
c) Pyroclastic surge
d) Lava flow
Which feature is formed by the accumulation of lava and is often seen around the summit of a volcano?
a) Crater
b) Fumarole
c) Lava plateau
d) Lava tube
What type of volcanic activity involves the eruption of highly viscous lava that forms a dome-shaped structure?
a) Stratovolcano
b) Cinder cone
c) Lava dome
d) Shield volcano
What is the term for a volcano that has not erupted in historical times and is considered unlikely to erupt again?
a) Extinct
b) Dormant
c) Active
d) Quiescent
Which volcanic feature is characterized by a circular depression at the top of a volcano, usually formed by explosive eruptions?
a) Caldera
b) Lava plateau
c) Fumarole
d) Crater
What kind of magma is typically associated with explosive volcanic eruptions due to its high viscosity?
a) Basaltic
b) Andesitic
c) Rhyolitic
d) Mafic
Which type of lava flow is characterized by a smooth, ropy surface texture?
a) Pahoehoe
b) Aa
c) Blocky
d) Pillow
What is a “fumarole”?
a) A vent from which volcanic gases escape
b) A type of lava flow
c) A volcanic crater
d) A volcanic ash cloud
Which type of volcano is typically small, steep-sided, and formed from the accumulation of volcanic debris?
a) Stratovolcano
b) Shield volcano
c) Cinder cone
d) Lava dome
What is the term for the molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface?
a) Lava
b) Tephra
c) Magma
d) Ash
Which volcanic phenomenon involves the sudden release of gas and ash into the atmosphere?
a) Lava flow
b) Pyroclastic surge
c) Lahar
d) Fumarole
What is the main component of volcanic gases?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
Which type of volcanic eruption typically produces only lava flows and little to no explosive activity?
a) Hawaiian
b) Plinian
c) Vulcanian
d) Strombolian
What is the term for the volcanic rock formed from rapidly cooled lava that solidifies into glassy fragments?
a) Obsidian
b) Pumice
c) Andesite
d) Basalt
What is a “lava tube”?
a) A conduit through which lava travels beneath the surface
b) A type of volcanic eruption
c) A crater formed by lava
d) A vent for volcanic gases
Which volcanic feature is created when lava flows from a vent and spreads out in a thin layer?
a) Lava dome
b) Shield volcano
c) Cinder cone
d) Stratovolcano
What is the term for a volcanic eruption that releases a large volume of volcanic material into the atmosphere?
a) Plinian eruption
b) Strombolian eruption
c) Hawaiian eruption
d) Vulcanian eruption
Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by moderate explosive activity and the expulsion of gas and lava fragments?
a) Hawaiian
b) Strombolian
c) Plinian
d) Vulcanian
What is the term for volcanic rocks that are ejected during an explosive eruption and can vary in size from tiny ash to large boulders?
a) Lava
b) Tephra
c) Ash
d) Pumice
Which type of volcanic rock is light and porous, formed from gas-charged lava that cools rapidly?
a) Basalt
b) Andesite
c) Pumice
d) Rhyolite
What is the main cause of geothermal activity?
a) The cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface
b) The movement of tectonic plates
c) The release of volcanic gases
d) The accumulation of sediment
Which feature is formed when volcanic gases escape through cracks in the Earth’s surface?
a) Fumarole
b) Geyser
c) Lava flow
d) Caldera
What is the term for a volcanic feature where hot water and steam erupt periodically?
a) Fumarole
b) Geothermal spring
c) Geyser
d) Lava tube
Which type of lava flow has a rough, jagged surface and is typically associated with more viscous lava?
a) Pahoehoe
b) Aa
c) Pillow
d) Blocky
What is the primary source of geothermal energy used for power generation?
a) Lava flows
b) Volcanic ash
c) Geothermal reservoirs
d) Magma chambers
Which type of volcanic eruption involves the ejection of volcanic gases and ash in a relatively quiet manner?
a) Hawaiian
b) Plinian
c) Vulcanian
d) Strombolian
What is the term for the process where volcanic ash and gases cool and solidify in the atmosphere, falling as solid particles?
a) Tephra
b) Lava
c) Pumice
d) Obsidian
Which term describes a lava flow that forms underwater and creates rounded structures?
a) Pillow lava
b) Blocky lava
c) Aa lava
d) Pahoehoe lava
What is the main purpose of monitoring volcanic activity?
a) To predict future eruptions and mitigate hazards
b) To explore new geological features
c) To collect lava samples for research
d) To measure atmospheric pressure changes
Which volcanic feature is often found around the sides of a volcano and is formed from explosive ejections of tephra?
a) Lava dome
b) Cinder cone
c) Shield volcano
d) Lava plateau
What is the term for a volcanic eruption that involves the release of gases and lava with minimal explosive activity?
a) Plinian
b) Strombolian
c) Hawaiian
d) Vulcanian
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