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Volcanoes and Geothermal Activity MCQs with Answers

Volcanoes and Geothermal Activity MCQs

Welcome to the Volcanoes and Geothermal Activity MCQs with Answers. In this post, we are sharing Volcanoes and Geothermal Activity Multiple Choice Questions and Answers in Everyday Science section for various competitive exams in Pakistan. Each question offers a chance to enhance your knowledge regarding Volcanoes and Geothermal Activity online MCQs Test.

What is the term for a volcano that is currently erupting or has erupted recently?
a) Dormant
b) Extinct
c) Active
d) Inactive

Answer
c) Active

Which type of volcano is characterized by a broad, shield-like shape and formed primarily from basaltic lava flows?
a) Stratovolcano
b) Cinder cone
c) Shield volcano
d) Lava dome

Answer
c) Shield volcano

What is the name of the magma chamber’s vent through which volcanic gases and molten rock are expelled?
a) Crater
b) Vent
c) Caldera
d) Fumarole

Answer
b) Vent

Which volcanic hazard involves the ejection of hot, fragmented rock and volcanic ash during an eruption?
a) Lava flow
b) Pyroclastic flow
c) Lahar
d) Tephra

Answer
d) Tephra

What is the term for a large, depression formed when a volcano’s magma chamber collapses after an eruption?
a) Caldera
b) Crater
c) Fumarole
d) Lava tube

Answer
a) Caldera

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by explosive activity and the ejection of ash and gas?
a) Effusive
b) Explosive
c) Hawaiian
d) Vulcanian

Answer
b) Explosive

What term describes the molten rock that is expelled from a volcano?
a) Tephra
b) Lava
c) Ash
d) Pyroclastic flow

Answer
b) Lava

Which type of volcano is formed primarily by explosive eruptions and has steep sides composed of alternating layers of ash and lava?
a) Shield volcano
b) Cinder cone
c) Stratovolcano
d) Lava dome

Answer
c) Stratovolcano

What is the term for a volcanic mudflow that occurs when volcanic ash mixes with water?
a) Tephra
b) Lahar
c) Pyroclastic surge
d) Lava flow

Answer
b) Lahar

Which feature is formed by the accumulation of lava and is often seen around the summit of a volcano?
a) Crater
b) Fumarole
c) Lava plateau
d) Lava tube

Answer
a) Crater

What type of volcanic activity involves the eruption of highly viscous lava that forms a dome-shaped structure?
a) Stratovolcano
b) Cinder cone
c) Lava dome
d) Shield volcano

Answer
c) Lava dome

What is the term for a volcano that has not erupted in historical times and is considered unlikely to erupt again?
a) Extinct
b) Dormant
c) Active
d) Quiescent

Answer
a) Extinct

Which volcanic feature is characterized by a circular depression at the top of a volcano, usually formed by explosive eruptions?
a) Caldera
b) Lava plateau
c) Fumarole
d) Crater

Answer
d) Crater

What kind of magma is typically associated with explosive volcanic eruptions due to its high viscosity?
a) Basaltic
b) Andesitic
c) Rhyolitic
d) Mafic

Answer
c) Rhyolitic

Which type of lava flow is characterized by a smooth, ropy surface texture?
a) Pahoehoe
b) Aa
c) Blocky
d) Pillow

Answer
a) Pahoehoe

What is a “fumarole”?
a) A vent from which volcanic gases escape
b) A type of lava flow
c) A volcanic crater
d) A volcanic ash cloud

Answer
a) A vent from which volcanic gases escape

Which type of volcano is typically small, steep-sided, and formed from the accumulation of volcanic debris?
a) Stratovolcano
b) Shield volcano
c) Cinder cone
d) Lava dome

Answer
c) Cinder cone

What is the term for the molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface?
a) Lava
b) Tephra
c) Magma
d) Ash

Answer
c) Magma

Which volcanic phenomenon involves the sudden release of gas and ash into the atmosphere?
a) Lava flow
b) Pyroclastic surge
c) Lahar
d) Fumarole

Answer
b) Pyroclastic surge

What is the main component of volcanic gases?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon

Answer
b) Carbon dioxide

Which type of volcanic eruption typically produces only lava flows and little to no explosive activity?
a) Hawaiian
b) Plinian
c) Vulcanian
d) Strombolian

Answer
a) Hawaiian

What is the term for the volcanic rock formed from rapidly cooled lava that solidifies into glassy fragments?
a) Obsidian
b) Pumice
c) Andesite
d) Basalt

Answer
a) Obsidian

What is a “lava tube”?
a) A conduit through which lava travels beneath the surface
b) A type of volcanic eruption
c) A crater formed by lava
d) A vent for volcanic gases

Answer
a) A conduit through which lava travels beneath the surface

Which volcanic feature is created when lava flows from a vent and spreads out in a thin layer?
a) Lava dome
b) Shield volcano
c) Cinder cone
d) Stratovolcano

Answer
b) Shield volcano

What is the term for a volcanic eruption that releases a large volume of volcanic material into the atmosphere?
a) Plinian eruption
b) Strombolian eruption
c) Hawaiian eruption
d) Vulcanian eruption

Answer
a) Plinian eruption

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by moderate explosive activity and the expulsion of gas and lava fragments?
a) Hawaiian
b) Strombolian
c) Plinian
d) Vulcanian

Answer
b) Strombolian

What is the term for volcanic rocks that are ejected during an explosive eruption and can vary in size from tiny ash to large boulders?
a) Lava
b) Tephra
c) Ash
d) Pumice

Answer
b) Tephra

Which type of volcanic rock is light and porous, formed from gas-charged lava that cools rapidly?
a) Basalt
b) Andesite
c) Pumice
d) Rhyolite

Answer
c) Pumice

What is the main cause of geothermal activity?
a) The cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface
b) The movement of tectonic plates
c) The release of volcanic gases
d) The accumulation of sediment

Answer
b) The movement of tectonic plates

Which feature is formed when volcanic gases escape through cracks in the Earth’s surface?
a) Fumarole
b) Geyser
c) Lava flow
d) Caldera

Answer
a) Fumarole

What is the term for a volcanic feature where hot water and steam erupt periodically?
a) Fumarole
b) Geothermal spring
c) Geyser
d) Lava tube

Answer
c) Geyser

Which type of lava flow has a rough, jagged surface and is typically associated with more viscous lava?
a) Pahoehoe
b) Aa
c) Pillow
d) Blocky

Answer
b) Aa

What is the primary source of geothermal energy used for power generation?
a) Lava flows
b) Volcanic ash
c) Geothermal reservoirs
d) Magma chambers

Answer
c) Geothermal reservoirs

Which type of volcanic eruption involves the ejection of volcanic gases and ash in a relatively quiet manner?
a) Hawaiian
b) Plinian
c) Vulcanian
d) Strombolian

Answer
a) Hawaiian

What is the term for the process where volcanic ash and gases cool and solidify in the atmosphere, falling as solid particles?
a) Tephra
b) Lava
c) Pumice
d) Obsidian

Answer
a) Tephra

Which term describes a lava flow that forms underwater and creates rounded structures?
a) Pillow lava
b) Blocky lava
c) Aa lava
d) Pahoehoe lava

Answer
a) Pillow lava

What is the main purpose of monitoring volcanic activity?
a) To predict future eruptions and mitigate hazards
b) To explore new geological features
c) To collect lava samples for research
d) To measure atmospheric pressure changes

Answer
a) To predict future eruptions and mitigate hazards

Which volcanic feature is often found around the sides of a volcano and is formed from explosive ejections of tephra?
a) Lava dome
b) Cinder cone
c) Shield volcano
d) Lava plateau

Answer
b) Cinder cone

What is the term for a volcanic eruption that involves the release of gases and lava with minimal explosive activity?
a) Plinian
b) Strombolian
c) Hawaiian
d) Vulcanian

Answer
c) Hawaiian

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