Welcome to the Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation MCQs with Answers. In this post, we are sharing Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions and Answers in Everyday Science section for various competitive exams in Pakistan. Each question offers a chance to enhance your knowledge regarding Chemical Analysis and Instrumentation online MCQs Test.
What is the principle behind spectrophotometry?
A) Measurement of light absorption
B) Measurement of light emission
C) Measurement of atomic mass
D) Measurement of thermal conductivity
What type of chromatography uses a liquid mobile phase?
A) Liquid chromatography
B) Gas chromatography
C) Thin-layer chromatography
D) Paper chromatography
Which instrument is used to measure the concentration of a solution based on its ability to absorb light?
A) Spectrophotometer
B) Chromatograph
C) Microscope
D) Electrophoresis unit
In gas chromatography, what is the function of the detector?
A) To identify the compounds based on their retention time
B) To separate the compounds based on their boiling points
C) To inject the sample into the column
D) To measure the flow rate of the carrier gas
Which of the following techniques is used to separate compounds based on their size?
A) Gel filtration chromatography
B) High-performance liquid chromatography
C) Mass spectrometry
D) Thin-layer chromatography
What is the main purpose of using a reference electrode in electrochemical analysis?
A) To provide a stable reference potential
B) To measure the pH of the solution
C) To detect the presence of specific ions
D) To separate different components of the sample
Which technique involves the use of a mass spectrometer to determine molecular weight?
A) Mass spectrometry
B) Nuclear magnetic resonance
C) Infrared spectroscopy
D) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
What is the principle of atomic absorption spectroscopy?
A) Measurement of light absorbed by atoms in a gaseous state
B) Measurement of light emitted by excited atoms
C) Measurement of mass-to-charge ratio of ions
D) Measurement of the thermal energy of atoms
Which of the following techniques is used to analyze the surface composition of a sample?
A) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
B) Gas chromatography
C) Liquid chromatography
D) Spectrophotometry
In high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), what is the function of the pump?
A) To force the mobile phase through the column
B) To detect the compounds as they elute from the column
C) To inject the sample into the column
D) To separate the compounds based on their mass
What is the main use of a centrifuge in chemical analysis?
A) To separate components based on density
B) To measure the absorbance of a solution
C) To identify compounds based on their retention time
D) To determine the molecular weight of a compound
Which technique is used to determine the structure of a molecule by observing the interaction of nuclei with an external magnetic field?
A) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
B) Infrared spectroscopy
C) Mass spectrometry
D) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
What is the principle of fluorescence spectroscopy?
A) Measurement of emitted light after excitation
B) Measurement of light absorbed by molecules
C) Measurement of mass-to-charge ratio of ions
D) Measurement of thermal energy of molecules
Which of the following techniques is best for determining the molecular weight of large macromolecules?
A) Gel permeation chromatography
B) Gas chromatography
C) Liquid chromatography
D) Thin-layer chromatography
What type of spectroscopy involves the measurement of infrared light absorbed by a sample?
A) Infrared spectroscopy
B) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
C) Nuclear magnetic resonance
D) Mass spectrometry
What is the purpose of using a carrier gas in gas chromatography?
A) To transport the sample through the column
B) To provide a reference for measurement
C) To detect the compounds as they elute
D) To separate the components based on their mass
Which technique is used to identify compounds based on their interaction with electromagnetic radiation in the UV-Vis region?
A) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
B) Mass spectrometry
C) Infrared spectroscopy
D) Nuclear magnetic resonance
What is the principle of gas chromatography?
A) Separation based on boiling points and interaction with a stationary phase
B) Separation based on size and interaction with a stationary phase
C) Measurement of light absorption
D) Measurement of emitted light after excitation
Which analytical technique uses a mobile phase and a stationary phase to separate mixtures?
A) Chromatography
B) Mass spectrometry
C) Spectrophotometry
D) Electrophoresis
What is the main function of a detector in liquid chromatography?
A) To measure the concentration of compounds as they elute
B) To separate the compounds based on their size
C) To inject the sample into the column
D) To provide a stable reference potential
What technique is used to determine the purity of a substance?
A) Thin-layer chromatography
B) Mass spectrometry
C) Nuclear magnetic resonance
D) Infrared spectroscopy
What does a refractometer measure?
A) The refractive index of a solution
B) The mass of a substance
C) The concentration of a compound
D) The electrical conductivity of a solution
Which technique involves separating ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio?
A) Mass spectrometry
B) Nuclear magnetic resonance
C) Infrared spectroscopy
D) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
What type of analysis uses a potentiometer to measure the voltage of an electrochemical cell?
A) Potentiometric analysis
B) Spectrophotometric analysis
C) Chromatographic analysis
D) Electrophoretic analysis
What does a pH meter measure?
A) The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
B) The concentration of a specific ion
C) The molecular weight of a compound
D) The thermal conductivity of a sample
What is the principle of a flame photometer?
A) Measurement of light emitted by atoms in a flame
B) Measurement of light absorbed by molecules
C) Measurement of the refractive index of a solution
D) Measurement of thermal conductivity
Which of the following methods is used to measure the size of particles in a solution?
A) Dynamic light scattering
B) Gas chromatography
C) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
D) Nuclear magnetic resonance
What is the principle of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy?
A) Measurement of light emitted by atoms in a plasma
B) Measurement of the interaction of atoms with infrared light
C) Measurement of the mass-to-charge ratio of ions
D) Measurement of the interaction of nuclei with a magnetic field
Which instrument is used to measure the absorbance of a solution at specific wavelengths?
A) Spectrophotometer
B) Refractometer
C) Microscope
D) Centrifuge
What does a gas chromatograph separate?
A) Components of a gas mixture based on their boiling points
B) Components of a liquid mixture based on their size
C) Particles based on their charge
D) Molecules based on their mass
Which technique involves measuring the absorption or emission of light to analyze the composition of a sample?
A) Spectroscopy
B) Chromatography
C) Electrophoresis
D) Centrifugation
What is the principle of high-resolution mass spectrometry?
A) Measurement of the precise mass-to-charge ratio of ions
B) Measurement of light absorption in the UV-Vis region
C) Measurement of the interaction of nuclei with a magnetic field
D) Measurement of particle size distribution
Which of the following techniques is used for qualitative analysis of compounds in a sample?
A) Infrared spectroscopy
B) High-performance liquid chromatography
C) Gas chromatography
D) Mass spectrometry
What is the role of a column in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)?
A) To separate compounds based on their interaction with the stationary phase
B) To inject the sample into the mobile phase
C) To detect the compounds as they elute
D) To measure the flow rate of the mobile phase
Which method is used to analyze the size and distribution of particles in a sample?
A) Dynamic light scattering
B) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
C) Nuclear magnetic resonance
D) Mass spectrometry
What type of detector is commonly used in liquid chromatography?
A) UV-Visible detector
B) Flame ionization detector
C) Mass spectrometer
D) Refractometer
Which technique involves the separation of molecules based on their charge and size in an electric field?
A) Electrophoresis
B) Gas chromatography
C) Liquid chromatography
D) Spectrophotometry
What does a microplate reader measure?
A) The absorbance or fluorescence of samples in a microplate
B) The mass of a sample
C) The particle size distribution of a sample
D) The pH of a solution
What is the principle of ion exchange chromatography?
A) Separation of ions based on their charge and affinity for the stationary phase
B) Separation of molecules based on their size
C) Measurement of light absorption
D) Measurement of the mass-to-charge ratio of ions
Which instrument is used to determine the amount of a substance in a solution by measuring its electrical conductivity?
A) Conductivity meter
B) Spectrophotometer
C) Refractometer
D) pH meter
What is the role of the stationary phase in chromatography?
A) To interact with and separate the components of the sample
B) To inject the sample into the mobile phase
C) To detect the separated components
D) To measure the flow rate of the mobile phase
What technique involves using x-rays to analyze the crystallographic structure of a sample?
A) X-ray diffraction
B) Mass spectrometry
C) Nuclear magnetic resonance
D) Infrared spectroscopy
Which method is used to measure the concentration of a substance by its ability to emit light after excitation?
A) Fluorescence spectroscopy
B) Infrared spectroscopy
C) Mass spectrometry
D) Gas chromatography
What does a gravimetric analysis measure?
A) The amount of a substance by its mass
B) The concentration of a solution by light absorption
C) The size distribution of particles
D) The molecular weight of a compound
Which technique involves measuring the time it takes for particles to travel through a medium under an electric field?
A) Electrophoresis
B) Gas chromatography
C) Liquid chromatography
D) Spectrophotometry
What type of analysis uses a laser to determine the size of particles in a solution?
A) Dynamic light scattering
B) Gas chromatography
C) High-performance liquid chromatography
D) Mass spectrometry
Which instrument is used to determine the concentration of ions in a solution by measuring their emission in a flame?
A) Flame photometer
B) Spectrophotometer
C) Mass spectrometer
D) Refractometer
What is the role of the mobile phase in chromatography?
A) To carry the sample through the stationary phase
B) To separate the sample into its components
C) To measure the concentration of the sample
D) To provide a reference for measurement
Which technique is used to separate and identify compounds based on their size and interaction with a gel?
A) Gel electrophoresis
B) Mass spectrometry
C) Liquid chromatography
D) Gas chromatography
What is the principle of a refractometer?
A) Measurement of the change in the angle of light as it passes through a solution
B) Measurement of the mass-to-charge ratio of ions
C) Measurement of the light absorbed by a sample
D) Measurement of the interaction of nuclei with a magnetic field
Which analytical technique uses a quartz crystal to measure the mass of a sample based on frequency changes?
A) Quartz crystal microbalance
B) Mass spectrometry
C) Nuclear magnetic resonance
D) Infrared spectroscopy
What technique is used to determine the presence of specific functional groups in a molecule?
A) Infrared spectroscopy
B) Gas chromatography
C) Liquid chromatography
D) Mass spectrometry
Which instrument is used for measuring the melting point of a compound?
A) Melting point apparatus
B) Spectrophotometer
C) Refractometer
D) Chromatograph
What is the principle of atomic emission spectroscopy?
A) Measurement of light emitted by atoms in an excited state
B) Measurement of light absorbed by atoms
C) Measurement of the mass-to-charge ratio of ions
D) Measurement of thermal conductivity
Which technique is used to separate and identify proteins based on their size and charge?
A) Gel electrophoresis
B) Gas chromatography
C) Liquid chromatography
D) Spectrophotometry
What is the purpose of using an internal standard in quantitative analysis?
A) To improve the accuracy and precision of the measurement
B) To separate the components of a sample
C) To measure the pH of a solution
D) To identify the compounds in a mixture
Which technique involves the use of a beam of electrons to image a sample?
A) Scanning electron microscopy
B) Mass spectrometry
C) Infrared spectroscopy
D) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
What is the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy?
A) Measurement of the interaction between atomic nuclei and a magnetic field
B) Measurement of the absorption of light in the infrared region
C) Measurement of the mass-to-charge ratio of ions
D) Measurement of the emission of light by excited atoms
Which method is used to determine the concentration of ions in a solution using selective electrodes?
A) Ion-selective electrode (ISE) method
B) Gas chromatography
C) Mass spectrometry
D) Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
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