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12th Class Physics Chapter 21 MCQs with Answers

12th Class Physics Chapter 21 MCQs

Boost your understanding of Nuclear Physics with 12th Class Physics Chapter 21 MCQs. Topics include nuclear reactions, radioactivity, and energy production. Keywords like nuclear physics quiz, radioactivity MCQs, and nuclear energy test help optimize rankings.

The nucleus of an atom is composed of:
a) Protons and electrons
b) Protons and neutrons
c) Electrons and neutrons
d) Protons, electrons, and neutrons

Answer
b) Protons and neutrons

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the:
a) Atomic mass number
b) Atomic number
c) Mass number
d) Neutron number

Answer
b) Atomic number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the:
a) Atomic mass number
b) Atomic number
c) Mass number
d) Neutron number

Answer
a) Atomic mass number

The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of a(n):
a) Electron
b) Neutron
c) Alpha particle
d) Deuteron

Answer
b) Neutron

The charge of an electron is:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
d) Zero

Answer
b) Negative

The charge of a proton is:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
d) Zero

Answer
a) Positive

The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is given by:
a) Mass number – Atomic number
b) Atomic number – Mass number
c) Atomic number + Mass number
d) Mass number + Atomic number

Answer
a) Mass number – Atomic number

The total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in a nucleus is called:
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) Nuclear number
d) Nucleon number

Answer
b) Mass number

The atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as:
a) The mass of an electron
b) The mass of a proton
c) One-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
d) The mass of a neutron

Answer
c) One-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

The strong force is responsible for:
a) Radioactive decay
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Nuclear fission
d) Holding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus

Answer
d) Holding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus

The process by which a nucleus spontaneously decays and emits radiation is called:
a) Nuclear fission
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Radioactive decay
d) Nuclear transmutation

Answer
c) Radioactive decay

Which of the following particles is the most penetrating type of ionizing radiation?
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) Neutrons

Answer
c) Gamma rays

The emission of an alpha particle from a nucleus reduces the atomic number by:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer
b) 2

The emission of a beta particle from a nucleus increases the atomic number by:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer
a) 1

The process of combining two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus is called:
a) Nuclear fission
b) Radioactive decay
c) Nuclear fusion
d) Nuclear transmutation

Answer
c) Nuclear fusion

The process by which a heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei is called:
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Radioactive decay
c) Nuclear fission
d) Nuclear transmutation

Answer
c) Nuclear fission

The mass defect in a nucleus is the difference between the total mass of the nucleons and the:
a) Mass of a neutron
b) Mass of a proton
c) Mass of an electron
d) Mass of the nucleus

Answer
d) Mass of the nucleus

The energy released during a nuclear reaction is primarily due to the conversion of:
a) Protons into neutrons
b) Neutrons into protons
c) Mass into energy
d) Energy into mass

Answer
c) Mass into energy

Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring radioactive element?
a) Uranium-238
b) Carbon-12
c) Oxygen-16
d) Neon-20

Answer
a) Uranium-238

The half-life of a radioactive substance is defined as the time it takes for:
a) Half of the substance to decay
b) One-fourth of the substance to decay
c) All of the substance to decay
d) One-tenth of the substance to decay

Answer
a) Half of the substance to decay

The process of converting an atom of one element into an atom of another element through nuclear reactions is called:
a) Radioactive decay
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Nuclear fission
d) Transmutation

Answer
d) Transmutation

The type of radiation that consists of high-energy electrons emitted from a nucleus is called:
a) Alpha radiation
b) Beta radiation
c) Gamma radiation
d) Neutron radiation

Answer
b) Beta radiation

Which of the following particles has the least penetrating power?
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) Neutrons

Answer
a) Alpha particles

The emission of a gamma ray from a nucleus does not change the:
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) Neutron number
d) Proton number

Answer
a) Atomic number

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission
of an alpha particle. What is the new atomic number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
b) One less

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission of a beta particle. What is the new atomic number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
c) One more

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission of a positron. What is the new atomic number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
b) One less

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the capture of an electron. What is the new atomic number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
c) One more

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission of a gamma ray. What is the new atomic number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
a) The same

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission of an alpha particle. What is the new mass number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
d) Two less

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission
of a beta particle. What is the new mass number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
a) The same

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission of a positron. What is the new mass number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
a) The same

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the capture of an electron. What is the new mass number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
a) The same

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission of a gamma ray. What is the new mass number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
a) The same

The process of artificially inducing nuclear fission in a controlled manner to produce energy is called:
a) Radioactive decay
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Nuclear fission
d) Nuclear power

Answer
c) Nuclear fission

The process of using the energy released from the fusion of light nuclei to produce energy is called:
a) Radioactive decay
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Nuclear fission
d) Nuclear power

Answer
b) Nuclear fusion

The nuclear reactor that uses uranium-235 as fuel and water as a coolant and moderator is called a:
a) Pressurized water reactor (PWR)
b) Boiling water reactor (BWR)
c) Fast breeder reactor (FBR)
d) Gas-cooled reactor (GCR)

Answer
a) Pressurized water reactor (PWR)

The nuclear reactor that uses heavy water as both coolant and moderator is called a:
a) Pressurized water reactor (PWR)
b) Boiling water reactor (BWR)
c) Fast breeder reactor (FBR)
d) Heavy water reactor (HWR)

Answer
d) Heavy water reactor (HWR)

The process of capturing a slow-moving neutron by a nucleus to form a heavier nucleus is called:
a) Neutron capture
b) Neutron emission
c) Neutron absorption
d) Neutron decay

Answer
a) Neutron capture

The type of nuclear reaction that releases a large amount of energy in stars is:
a) Nuclear fission
b) Radioactive decay
c) Nuclear fusion
d) Nuclear transmutation

Answer
c) Nuclear fusion

The energy released in a nuclear fusion reaction comes from:
a) The conversion of protons into neutrons
b) The conversion of neutrons into protons
c) The conversion of mass into energy
d) The conversion of energy into mass

Answer
c) The conversion of mass into energy

The energy released in a nuclear fission reaction comes from:
a) The conversion of protons into neutrons
b) The conversion of neutrons into protons
c) The conversion of mass into energy
d) The conversion of energy into mass

Answer
c) The conversion of mass into energy

Which of the following statements is true about nuclear reactions?
a) They are only possible in the presence of high temperatures
b) They require the participation of electrons
c) They involve changes in the nucleus of an atom
d) They do not release any energy

Answer
c) They involve changes in the nucleus of an atom

The most stable configuration for a nucleus occurs when:
a) The number of protons equals the number of electrons
b) The number of protons equals the number of neutrons
c) The number of protons and neutrons is approximately equal
d) The ratio of protons to neutrons is within a certain range

Answer
d) The ratio of protons to neutrons is within a certain range

The process of splitting a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei is called:
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Nuclear decay
d) Nuclear transmutation

Answer
b) Nuclear fission

The energy released in a nuclear reaction is calculated using:
a) Einstein’s equation, E = mc^2
b) Newton’s second law, F = ma
c) Coulomb’s law, F = kq1q2/r^2
d) Planck’s equation, E = hf

Answer
a) Einstein’s equation, E = mc^2

The radiation that is a stream of high-speed electrons emitted from a nucleus is called:
a) Alpha radiation
b) Beta radiation
c) Gamma radiation
d) Neutron radiation

Answer
b) Beta radiation

The half-life of a radioactive substance is independent of its:
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) Temperature
d) Chemical properties

Answer
d) Chemical properties

Which of the following is not a type of nuclear radiation?
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) X-rays

Answer
d) X-rays

Which of the following statements is true about nuclear fission?
a) It releases a small amount of energy
b) It is used in nuclear power plants to generate electricity
c) It involves the fusion of two light nuclei
d) It is a naturally occurring process in all elements

Answer
b) It is used in nuclear power plants to generate electricity

The phenomenon in which a nucleus undergoes spontaneous decay and emits radiation is known as:
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Radioactive decay
d) Nuclear transmutation

Answer
c) Radioactive decay

Which of the following particles has the highest penetrating power?
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta particles
c) Gamma rays
d) Neutrons

Answer
c) Gamma rays

The process of combining two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus is called:
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Radioactive decay
d) Nuclear transmutation

Answer
a) Nuclear fusion

The type of nuclear reaction that releases a large amount of energy in the sun and other stars is:
a) Nuclear fission
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Radioactive decay
d) Nuclear transmutation

Answer
b) Nuclear fusion

The energy released during a nuclear reaction is primarily due to the conversion of:
a) Protons into neutrons
b) Neutrons into protons
c) Mass into energy
d) Energy into mass

Answer
c) Mass into energy

The most stable configuration for a nucleus occurs when:
a) The number of protons equals the number of neutrons
b) The number of protons and neutrons is approximately equal
c) The number of protons equals the number of electrons
d) The ratio of protons to neutrons is within a certain range

Answer
d) The ratio of protons to neutrons is within a certain range

The process of capturing a slow-moving neutron by a nucleus to form a heavier nucleus is called:
a) Neutron capture
b) Neutron emission
c) Neutron absorption
d) Neutron decay

Answer
a) Neutron capture

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission of an alpha particle. What is the new mass number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
d) Two less

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission
of a beta particle. What is the new mass number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
a) The same

The decay of a radioactive nucleus into a stable nucleus is accompanied by the emission of a gamma ray. What is the new mass number of the daughter nucleus compared to the original nucleus?
a) The same
b) One less
c) One more
d) Two less

Answer
a) The same

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