Sp2-Hybridization MDCAT Quiz: Geometry of molecules when the central atom forms three bonds with other atoms. The concept is important to understand the molecular shapes, bond angles, and structure of molecules with double bonds. In order to answer the MDCAT Quiz questions, particularly those dealing with organic chemistry, molecular geometry, and the nature of chemical bonds, a strong understanding of sp² hybridization is a must.
H2: Concept of sp² Hybridization
sp² hybridization occurs when one s orbital and two p orbitals of the same atom combine to form three equivalent hybrid orbitals. These sp² hybrid orbitals arrange themselves in a trigonal planar geometry with bond angles of approximately 120°. The remaining p orbital which does not participate in hybridization overlaps side-by-side with a p orbital from another atom to form a pi bond. This type of hybridization is usually found in molecules containing double bonds, such as ethene (C₂H₄). In ethene, each carbon atom undergoes sp² hybridization to form three sigma bonds (two with hydrogen and one with the other carbon), and the remaining unhybridized p orbital forms a pi bond between the two carbon atoms, resulting in a double bond.
H3: Quiz on sp² Hybridization
The MDCAT Quiz on sp² hybridization will test students’ knowledge in recognizing molecules containing sp² hybridized atoms and determining their molecular geometry. Students will have to predict the geometry of molecules like ethene (C₂H₄), formaldehyde (CH₂O), and benzene (C₆H₆), in which the central atoms undergo sp² hybridization. The quiz will also gauge students’ knowledge of how the formation of pi bonds contributes to the stability and properties of these molecules. Practicing these quiz questions will help students to strengthen their knowledge of sp² hybridization and prepare for any related questions that may appear in the MDCAT exam.
H2: Examples of sp² Hybridized Molecules
A number of molecules show sp² hybridization, the knowledge of the structure and bonding in them is quite essential for MDCAT preparation. Examples include:
Ethene, C₂H₄: Each carbon atom in ethene undergoes sp² hybridization, which forms three sigma bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one with the other carbon atom. The remaining p orbital on each carbon forms a pi bond, resulting in a double bond between the carbon atoms. The molecule has a trigonal planar geometry with 120° bond angles.
Formaldehyde—CH₂O: The carbon atom in formaldehyde is singly bonded to the oxygen atom via sp² hybridization, making two sigma bonds with the hydrogen atoms and one sigma bond with the oxygen atom. A sigma and a pi bond together make the carbon-oxygen double bond, and the molecule assumes a trigonal planar geometry.
Benzene (C₆H₆): The six carbon atoms in benzene are sp² hybridized. Each carbon forms sigma bonds with other adjacent carbon and hydrogen atoms. The remaining p orbitals on the carbons overlap to form a conjugated system of pi bonds that lead to the delocalized electron cloud characteristic of benzene. Its structure is planar with 120° bond angles.
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H3: Free Flashcard for sp² Hybridization
To help reinforce their understanding of sp² hybridization, MDCAT students can use the Free Flashcard for this topic. The flashcards provide a concise summary of the sp² hybridization process, its effect on molecular geometry, and examples of molecules like ethene and benzene. By reviewing the flashcards regularly, students can improve their ability to identify sp² hybridized atoms and predict the properties of molecules. This tool is perfect for quick revision and ensuring a solid understanding of sp² hybridization before the MDCAT exam.
What is the geometry of an sp² hybridized atom?
Trigonal planar
What is the bond angle in sp² hybridization?
120°
In sp² hybridization, one s orbital mixes with how many p orbitals?
Two
Which type of bonds does sp² hybridization form in ethene (C₂H₄)?
One sigma and one pi
What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in formaldehyde (CH₂O)?
sp²
The unhybridized p orbital in sp² hybridization forms what type of bond?
Pi bond
What is the hybridization of the central atom in BF₃?
sp²
Which molecule has sp² hybridization in its central atom?
Ethene
How many sigma bonds are formed in a molecule with sp² hybridization?
Three
What type of electron pair geometry does sp² hybridization exhibit?
Trigonal planar
What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in CH₂=CH₂?
sp²
In sp² hybridization, how many p orbitals remain unhybridized?
One
What is the hybridization of boron in boron trichloride (BCl₃)?
sp²
What is the bond angle in a molecule with sp² hybridization?
120°
The presence of a double bond in a molecule indicates which hybridization?
sp²
What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in ozone (O₃)?
sp²
Which type of hybridization is observed in a molecule with a planar structure?
sp²
In sp² hybridization, the hybrid orbitals form which type of bonds?
Sigma bonds
How many hybrid orbitals are formed in sp² hybridization?
Three
Which of the following molecules shows sp² hybridization in its carbon atom?
C₂H₄
What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in NO₂⁻?
sp²
Which bond angle is a characteristic of sp² hybridized molecules?
120°
The unhybridized p orbital in sp² hybridization overlaps to form which type of bond?
Pi bond
What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in C₆H₆?
sp²
Which molecule contains a central atom with sp² hybridization?
BCl₃
In sp² hybridization, what is the shape of the unhybridized p orbital?
Dumbbell
How many pi bonds are formed in ethene (C₂H₄)?
One
Which of the following geometries corresponds to sp² hybridization?
Trigonal planar
What is the hybridization of the sulfur atom in SO₂?
sp²
How many sigma bonds are formed by an sp² hybridized atom?
Three
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