Hybridization MDCAT Quiz; Form new hybrid orbitals that are used in the bonding of atoms. This is an important concept to understand for molecular geometry, bond angles, and the general shape of molecules. A good understanding of hybridization will go a long way in answering questions related to the MDCAT Quiz, especially those topics on molecular structures and the nature of chemical bonds.
H2: Concept of Hybridization
The phenomenon of hybridization occurs when atomic orbitals (s, p, d) are mixed together in such a manner as to create new, equivalent hybrid orbitals with different geometries and energies from the original atomic orbitals. This arrangement of the new orbitals is done in such a way that it maximizes bonding and thus predicts the geometry of the molecules. This is dependent on the number of electron pairs around the central atom. As an example, in methane (CH₄), carbon undergoes sp³ hybridization, where one s orbital and three p orbitals combine to make four equivalent hybrid orbitals that result in sigma bonds with hydrogen atoms. The geometry of methane is tetrahedral, and all bond angles are 109.5°.
H3: Quiz on Hybridization
The MDCAT Quiz on hybridization will test students’ ability to determine the type of hybridization based on the molecular geometry and the number of bonding and lone pairs on the central atom. Questions may be given on molecules such as methane (CH₄), ethene (C₂H₄), and acetylene (C₂H₂), requiring students to predict the hybridization type (sp³, sp², or sp) and describe how these hybrid orbitals contribute to the molecular shape. Practicing these quiz questions will enable students to gain a better understanding of hybridization and molecular geometry and prepare them for related questions in the MDCAT exam.
H2: Types of Hybridization
There are various types of hybridization based on the number and arrangement of electron pairs around the central atom.
sp³ Hybridization: This occurs when one s orbital and three p orbitals mix to form four equivalent hybrid orbitals. Molecules like methane (CH₄) and water (H₂O) exhibit sp³ hybridization, resulting in a tetrahedral or bent geometry, respectively.
sp² Hybridization: This type of hybridization occurs when one s orbital and two p orbitals combine to make three equivalent hybrid orbitals. Molecules such as ethene, C₂H₄, contain sp² hybridization and have a trigonal planar geometry.
sp Hybridization: This occurs when one s orbital and one p orbital mix to form two equivalent hybrid orbitals. Molecules such as acetylene (C₂H₂) have sp hybridization and thus possesses linear geometry.
Each type of hybridization helps to explain the shape and bond angles of molecules; thus, it is a very crucial concept in molecular chemistry.
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H3: Free Flashcard for Hybridization
MDCAT students can help to reinforce their understanding of hybridization by making use of the Free Flashcard on this topic. Flashcards provide quick review of various types of hybridizations, namely, sp³, sp², sp, and examples of molecules that exemplify each one of them, along with geometries. If they are reviewed daily, students should be able to enhance their expertise in recognizing patterns for types of hybridizations in diverse molecules and establishing the link between molecular shape and bond angles. In all respects, this is very helpful for last-minute revision, as it thoroughly covers topics of hybridization prior to MDCAT exams.
What is the hybridization of carbon in methane (CH₄)?
sp³
What is the hybridization of carbon in ethene (C₂H₄)?
sp²
What is the hybridization of carbon in ethyne (C₂H₂)?
sp
The bond angle in sp³ hybridization is approximately ____.
109.5°
The bond angle in sp² hybridization is approximately ____.
120°
The bond angle in sp hybridization is approximately ____.
180°
What is the hybridization of boron in BF₃?
sp²
What is the hybridization of beryllium in BeCl₂?
sp
The central atom in PCl₅ has ___ hybridization.
sp³d
The central atom in SF₆ has ___ hybridization.
sp³d²
What is the hybridization of nitrogen in NH₃?
sp³
In H₂O, the hybridization of oxygen is ____.
sp³
What is the hybridization of carbon in CO₂?
sp
In CH₂Cl₂, the hybridization of the central atom is ____.
sp³
The hybridization of phosphorus in PF₅ is ____.
sp³d
In NH₄⁺, the hybridization of nitrogen is ____.
sp³
In ClF₃, the central atom has ___ hybridization.
sp³d
What is the hybridization of iodine in IF₅?
sp³d²
In ethylene, the hybridization of each carbon atom is ____.
sp²
In acetylene, the hybridization of each carbon atom is ____.
sp
What is the hybridization of xenon in XeF₄?
sp³d²
What is the hybridization of sulfur in SF₄?
sp³d
In CH₃⁺, the hybridization of carbon is ____.
sp²
In CH₃⁻, the hybridization of carbon is ____.
sp³
What is the hybridization of the central atom in BrF₅?
sp³d²
The number of hybrid orbitals in sp³ hybridization is ____.
Four
The number of hybrid orbitals in sp² hybridization is ____.
Three
The number of hybrid orbitals in sp hybridization is ____.
Two
What type of hybridization is found in a molecule with a linear geometry?
sp
What type of hybridization is found in a molecule with a trigonal planar geometry?
sp²
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