Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat, energy, and work. It tells us how energy moves from one system to another and the laws governing this transfer. In other words, understanding thermodynamics is very critical in analyzing physical and chemical processes, so this is a very important unit for MDCAT students.
Principles of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is based on four fundamental laws:
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: It states the concept of temperature and thermal equilibrium. If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
First Law of Thermodynamics: Expresses energy conservation. It says that the energy of an isolated system is constant, expressed as:
Δ
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=
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−
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ΔU=Q−W
Here,
Δ
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ΔU is the change in internal energy
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Q is the heat added to the system, and
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W is the work done on the system.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Introduces the concept of entropy, stating that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease. It means that energy transformations are not 100% efficient.
Third Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy of a perfect crystal goes to zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
Applications of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics has numerous applications in everyday life and advanced scientific studies. Some key areas include:
Heat engines and refrigerators: Car engines and air conditioners of all types work in accordance with principles of thermodynamics.
Chemical reactions: The study of enthalpy (
$\triangle
H) and Gibbs free energy (
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G) to predict if the reaction will be spontaneous or not.
Biological systems: Thermodynamics explains energy flow in living organisms, for example, in metabolic pathways.
Phase transitions: Processes like melting, boiling, and freezing are analyzed using thermodynamic laws.
MDCAT Quiz: Thermodynamics
The MDCAT Quiz on Thermodynamics tests students on topics like the laws of thermodynamics, energy conservation, entropy, and real-life applications. Questions may involve solving numerical problems, analyzing thermodynamic cycles, and interpreting graphs related to work, heat, and energy.
Free Flashcards for Thermodynamics
Free flashcards are great means for MDCAT students to review important formulas and concepts of thermodynamics. The flashcards may include topics such as the laws of thermodynamics, heat transfer mechanisms, and examples of thermodynamic systems. Regular practice with these will help students strengthen their problem-solving skills pertaining to the topic and improve their understanding of this critical subject.
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