“12th Class Chemistry Chapter 4: Group VA and VIA Elements” helps students learn chemical and physical properties of elements of Group 15 (VA) and 16 (VIA) of the periodic table. This group contains very essential nonmetals and metalloids like nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and sulfur, which are very important to be prepared for MDCAT. Improve your knowledge with our free MDCAT Quiz and flashcards to particularly strengthen your command over these groups.
Group VA Elements (Nitrogen Family)
The Group VA elements are Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), and Bismuth (Bi). The elements show a change from nonmetallic to metallic properties down the group.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Atomic and Ionic Radii: Atomic size increases down the group due to additional electron shells, while electronegativity decreases.
Ionization Energy: Ionization energy is high at the top of the group and decreases as metallic character increases.
OXIDATION STATES: The common oxidation states vary from −3 to +5. The stability of the +5 oxidation state decreases down the group due to the inert pair effect.
Reactivity:
Nitrogen forms a wide variety of compounds, such as ammonia (NH₃), nitric acid (HNO₃), and nitrogen oxides.
Phosphorus is obtained in a few allotropes: white, red, and black phosphorus, which react easily with halogens and oxygen.
Applications of Group VA Elements
Nitrogen is an essential element to fertilizers and industrial chemicals, including ammonia.
Phosphorus is used in matches, fertilizers, and explosives.
Arsenic and antimony are used in semiconductors and alloys.
Group VIA Elements (Oxygen Family)
The Group VIA elements include Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Selenium (Se), Tellurium (Te), and Polonium (Po), which are collectively known as chalcogens. These elements are typically nonmetals showing increasing metalloid and metallic behavior down the group.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Electronegativity: Of all the elements in this group, oxygen is the most electronegative; electronegativity decreases down the group.
OXIDATION STATES: The group shows oxidation states of –2, +2, +4, and +6, with the stability of higher oxidation states increasing for heavier elements.
Reactivity:
Oxygen forms oxides, peroxides, and superoxides with metals and nonmetals.
Sulphur forms several compounds, such as sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), sulfides, and sulfates.
Applications of Group VIA Elements
Oxygen is necessary for respiration and combustion.
Sulfur finds wide use in manufacturing sulfuric acid, rubber vulcanization, and pesticides.
Selenium and tellurium are used in electronics and metallurgy.
MDCAT Quiz: Ace Group VA and VIA Elements
Our MDCAT Quiz for this chapter covers important topics including oxidation states, allotropes, and chemical reactivity of the nitrogen and oxygen families. Solve difficult questions to perfect your understanding and ensure best performance in MDCAT.
Free Flashcards for Group VA and VIA Elements
Study efficiently with our free flashcards, key terms include:
Allotropes of phosphorus and sulphur.
Key reactions of nitrogen and oxygen.
Trends in electronegativity, reactivity, and oxidation states.
Flashcards are an excellent way to reinforce your knowledge of periodic table trends and essential group properties.
Mastering Group VA and VIA elements brings you critical insights on nonmetallic chemistry and most of their applications in real life. Use our MDCAT Quiz and free flashcards to outshine in this important chapter!
- Test Name: 9th Class Physics Chapter 1 Quiz
- Type: Quiz Test
- Total Questions: 40
- Total Marks: 40
- Time: 40 minutes
Note: Answer of the questions will change randomly each time you start the test, once you are finished, click the View Results button.
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