10th Class Biology Complete Quiz is one of the most important subjects for MDCAT aspirants, as it deals with the study of life and the complex processes that sustain it. The 10th Class Biology Complete Quiz is designed to help students strengthen their concepts in essential topics such as homeostasis, coordination and control, reproduction, and inheritance. This quiz provides a comprehensive revision of the syllabus, preparing students for both their academic exams and entrance tests like MDCAT.
Key Topics in the 10th Class Biology Quiz
The 10th Class Biology Complete covers key topics such as support and movement, hormonal control in humans, nervous system, and transportation in plants and animals. Moreover, the quiz includes questions on reproductive health, genetics, evolution, and biotechnology—all very important for MDCAT Biology.
By attempting this quiz, students can identify their weak areas and improve their problem-solving abilities. The questions are designed to enhance critical thinking skills and deepen conceptual understanding, which is very important for attempting the complex multiple-choice questions seen in the MDCAT Biology section.
Quiz for Practice
Get the best quality, exam-relevant questions. Frequently tested topics from past papers; including basic and advanced concepts. Practicing these quizzes enables students to improve their time management, accuracy, and analytical thinking. Continuing the quiz practice regularly is also essential for the competitive exams.
- Test Name: 10th Class Biology Complete Quiz
- Total Questions: 240
- Total Marks: 240
- Time: 120 minutes
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Free Flashcard for Quick Revision
Students may also view free flashcards to quickly revise important terms, definitions, and biological processes from the 10th Class Biology syllabus. These flashcards are quite useful during last-minute preparation and make the recalling of such important biological concepts as cell division, photosynthesis, hormonal regulation, and genetic inheritance very easy. Flashcards help in retaining the information in the long term and ensure that students answer questions confidently during the exams.
Which biotechnological application involves the use of genetically modified microorganisms to clean up environmental pollution?
Bioremediation
What is the term for the complete set of proteins produced by an organism?
Proteome
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What is the function of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?
Joins DNA fragments together
Which biotechnological technique is used to identify and analyze specific DNA sequences in a sample?
DNA fingerprinting
What is the term for the specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein or RNA molecule?
Gene
In gene therapy, what is the primary goal of introducing a therapeutic gene into a patient's cells?
Treat or cure a genetic disorder
Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the term for the production of genetically identical organisms from a single parent?
Cloning
Which technique is used to transfer genes into animal cells by using an electric field to create temporary pores in the cell membrane?
Electroporation
What is the purpose of a plasmid in genetic engineering?
Carry foreign genes into bacteria
Which technology allows scientists to determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
DNA sequencing
What is the name for the specific sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?
Promoter
In genetic engineering, what is the purpose of introducing a reporter gene?
To track the expression of other genes
Which term refers to the study of an organism's complete set of genes and their interactions?
Genomics
What is the function of the Cas9 protein in the CRISPR-Cas9 system?
Cuts DNA at specific target sequences
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a complementary RNA strand during transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in the process of reverse transcription?
Synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from mRNA
Which type of genetic modification involves the direct editing of an organism's DNA using CRISPR technology?
Genome editing
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology?
Separating DNA fragments based on size
In genetic engineering, what is the name for the introduction of a new or modified gene into an organism's cells?
Gene transfer
Which biotechnological application involves the production of genetically identical copies of a gene or DNA sequence?
Cloning
What is the role of a selectable marker in genetic engineering?
Identifies cells that have taken up foreign DNA
Which technique is used to introduce foreign genes into plant cells by using a bacterium as a vector?
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?
To sequence the entire human genome
Which type of RNA molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is the name for the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism by replacing the nucleus of an egg cell?
Nuclear transfer
Which term refers to the selective breeding of plants and animals to enhance desirable traits?
Selective breeding
What is the function of the enzyme ligase in genetic engineering?
Joins DNA fragments together
In the context of genetic engineering, what does CRISPR stand for?
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
What is the term for the process by which an organism adjusts its internal conditions to maintain a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis
In which biome would you find a diverse array of plant and animal species, high rainfall, and high temperatures year-round?
Tropical rainforest
Which term refers to the gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature due to human activities?
Global warming
What is the primary role of decomposers in nutrient cycling?
Break down organic matter into nutrients for reuse
Which process involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose during photosynthesis?
Calvin cycle
What is the term for the range of conditions under which a species can exist and reproduce?
Tolerance range
Which environmental issue is associated with the accumulation of non-biodegradable pollutants in the food chain?
Biomagnification
Which type of pollution is caused by excessive nutrients in water, leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion?
Eutrophication
What is the term for the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas, primarily from the surface of water bodies?
Evaporation
Which biome is characterized by grasses, widely spaced trees, and a distinct rainy season?
Savanna
What is the process by which one community replaces another over time?
Ecological succession
In the nitrogen cycle, what is the main source of nitrogen for living organisms?
Atmosphere
What is the term for the process by which water vapor is released from plants into the atmosphere?
Evapotranspiration
Which type of succession occurs on bare rock or after a volcanic eruption?
Primary succession
What is the term for the process of water moving from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface through precipitation?
Precipitation
Which type of symbiosis involves one organism benefiting, while the other is harmed?
Parasitism
What is the primary factor that determines the distribution of terrestrial biomes?
Climate
Which gas is released during the process of cellular respiration in organisms?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
What is the term for the role or function of an organism in its environment?
Ecological niche
In which biome would you find a high density of evergreen trees adapted to cold temperatures and acidic soils?
Taiga (Boreal forest)
Which environmental issue is associated with the excessive use of fertilizers, leading to nutrient runoff and water pollution?
Eutrophication
What is the role of primary consumers in a food chain?
Consume producers for energy
Which process involves the conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas, returning it to the atmosphere?
Denitrification
What is the term for the total mass of living organisms in a particular area at a given time?
Biomass
Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer that protects life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation?
Stratosphere
What is the term for the gradual change in the composition of a community over time?
Succession
Which ecological relationship benefits one organism while neither harming nor benefiting the other?
Commensalism
What is the relationship between a predator and its prey in an ecosystem?
Predation
Which term refers to the maximum number of individuals that an environment can support?
Carrying capacity
What is the name for the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy in plants?
Photosynthesis
What is the term for a trait that is influenced by both genes and the environment?
Multifactorial
Which scientist proposed the theory of inheritance through the transmission of acquired characteristics?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
In a Punnett square, what represents the possible genotypes produced by the union of gametes?
Intersections
What is the term for the physical expression of a gene in an organism?
Phenotype
Which law states that each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation?
Law of Independent Assortment
What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism for a particular trait?
Genotype
Which genetic disorder is characterized by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down lipids, leading to the accumulation of fatty substances in the brain?
Tay-Sachs disease
What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals?
9:3:3:1
What is the term for a trait determined by genes located on the sex chromosomes?
Sex-linked trait
Which chromosome carries genes unrelated to an individual's sex?
Autosome
In a test cross, what is the purpose of crossing an individual with an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual?
To determine the genotype of the unknown individual
What is the term for the physical or chemical agents that can cause mutations in DNA?
Mutagens
Which genetic disorder results from the inability to produce melanin, leading to a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes?
Albinism
What is the term for the situation in which a single gene influences multiple traits?
Pleiotropy
Which scientist discovered the principle of genetic linkage by studying fruit flies?
Thomas Hunt Morgan
What is the probability of having a child with a dominant genetic disorder if both parents are affected (homozygous)?
0.5
In humans, what is the sex chromosome complement of a female?
XX
What is the term for an individual who carries one copy of a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not express the trait?
Carrier
Which inheritance pattern involves the expression of both alleles in the heterozygous condition?
Codominance
What is the term for the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?
Locus
In a monohybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation if both parents are heterozygous?
0.12569444444444
What is the probability of having a child with a dominant genetic disorder if one parent is affected and the other is unaffected (heterozygous)?
0.5
Which scientist is known as the "father of modern genetics" for his work on the inheritance of traits in pea plants?
Gregor Mendel
What is the term for a trait determined by more than one gene?
Polygenic
In codominance, what is the result when two different alleles for a gene are both expressed in the heterozygous condition?
Both traits are fully expressed
Which genetic disorder is caused by the absence of an enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine?
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism, including both expressed and unexpressed alleles?
Genotype
In a Punnett square, what represents the possible gametes produced by each parent?
Rows and columns
What is the term for a genetic cross involving individuals with two different traits?
Dihybrid cross
Which law states that pairs of alleles segregate independently during the formation of gametes?
Law of Independent Assortment
Which male reproductive organ carries sperm from the testes to the urethra?
Vas deferens
What is the term for the outer protective layer of the developing embryo?
Trophoblast
Which method of contraception prevents sperm from reaching the egg by blocking the cervix?
Cervical cap
What is the function of the placenta in pregnancy?
Facilitates nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus
Which male reproductive organ produces a fluid that neutralizes acidity in the urethra?
Prostate gland
What is the term for the period of time when a woman ceases to have menstrual cycles, marking the end of reproductive years?
Menopause
Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics?
Testosterone
What is the function of the uterine lining (endometrium) during the menstrual cycle?
Nourishes and supports a potential embryo
Which stage of development follows the blastocyst and involves the formation of three germ layers?
Gastrulation
What is the purpose of the acrosome in a sperm cell?
Contains enzymes to penetrate the egg's outer layer
Which method of contraception involves the blocking or sealing of the fallopian tubes?
Tubal ligation
What is the purpose of the chorion in the developing embryo?
Forms the fetal part of the placenta for nutrient exchange
Which male reproductive organ produces and stores sperm?
Testes (testicles)
What is the term for the release of a mature egg from the ovary?
Ovulation
What is the function of the seminal fluid in the male reproductive system?
Provides nutrients and a medium for sperm transport
Which method of contraception involves the insertion of a small, T-shaped device into the uterus?
Intrauterine device (IUD)
What is the role of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?
Producing progesterone to maintain the uterine lining
Which part of the male reproductive system produces testosterone?
Testes (testicles)
What is the purpose of the cervix in the female reproductive system?
Acts as a passageway between the uterus and the vagina
Which method of contraception involves the removal of a segment of the vas deferens in males?
Vasectomy
What is the term for the early developmental stage of the fertilized egg before implantation in the uterus?
Blastocyst
Which hormone is known as the "pregnancy hormone" and is detected in pregnancy tests?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
What is the function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?
Transporting eggs from the ovaries to the uterus
What is the term for the union of a sperm and egg outside the body, typically in a laboratory setting?
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Which method of contraception prevents the release of an egg from the ovary?
Oral contraceptives (birth control pills)
What is the role of the Cowper's glands in male reproduction?
Producing a lubricating fluid before ejaculation
What is the term for the process of cell division that produces gametes?
Meiosis
Which female reproductive organ is responsible for producing eggs and female sex hormones?
Ovary
What is the purpose of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?
Sperm maturation and storage
What is the function of the seminal vesicles in male reproduction?
Producing seminal fluid rich in nutrients
Which type of muscle is under involuntary control and found in the digestive tract?
Smooth muscle
What is the purpose of the spongy bone in the structure of bones?
Provides strength with reduced weight
Which bone is commonly known as the thigh bone?
Femur
What is the function of the sarcomere in muscle contraction?
The basic contractile unit containing actin and myosin
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of the heart?
Cardiac muscle
What is the term for the tough, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds joints and provides support?
Joint capsule
Which muscle is responsible for extending the forearm at the elbow joint?
Triceps brachii
What is the function of the Haversian canals in compact bone?
Allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through the bone
Which type of joint is found in the knee and elbow, allowing for flexion and extension?
Hinge joint
What is the purpose of the foramen magnum in the skull?
Allows the spinal cord to pass through and connect to the brain
Which hormone stimulates muscle contraction by binding to receptors on muscle fibers?
Acetylcholine
What is the term for the tough band of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone?
Tendon
Which type of muscle is striated and involuntary?
Cardiac muscle
What is the purpose of the myofibrils in muscle cells?
Contain the contractile units (sarcomeres)
Which connective tissue covers the ends of bones in a joint and reduces friction?
Articular cartilage
What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?
Facilitates movement and locomotion
Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones of the wrist?
Gliding joint
What is the function of the synovial membrane in joints?
Produces synovial fluid for lubrication
Which bone is commonly known as the shoulder blade?
Scapula
What is the term for the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber?
Neuromuscular junction
Which muscle is responsible for the primary movement during inhalation?
Diaphragm
What is the function of the periosteum in bone structure?
Provides nutrients and serves as a site for tendon and ligament attachment
Which type of joint is found between the radius and ulna in the forearm?
Pivot joint
What is the purpose of the muscular system in the human body?
Movement, stability, and heat production
Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood and bone?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is the function of the bursae in joints?
Reduce friction between tendons and bones
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of internal organs, such as the stomach?
Smooth muscle
What is the term for the tough, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones?
Tendon
Which type of joint is found between the phalanges (finger bones)?
Hinge joint
What is the purpose of the vertebral column in the human body?
Supports the body and protects the spinal cord
Which part of the ear amplifies sound waves and transmits them to the inner ear?
Middle ear (ossicles)
What is the function of the medulla oblongata in the brain?
Controlling basic bodily functions like heartbeat and breathing
Which gland produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles?
Pineal gland
What is the term for the bundle of nerves that carries signals between the brain and the rest of the body?
Spinal cord
Which part of the brain is responsible for language comprehension and expression?
Wernicke's area
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
Regulating hormone release from the pituitary gland
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the regulation of mood and emotional states?
Serotonin
What is the purpose of the autonomic nervous system?
Controlling involuntary bodily functions, such as heartbeat and digestion
Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering the retina?
Iris
What is the role of the pituitary gland in coordination and control?
Regulating other endocrine glands and producing growth hormone
Which part of the brainstem is responsible for maintaining consciousness and alertness?
Reticular formation
What is the function of the pancreas in coordination and control?
Regulating blood sugar levels by producing insulin and glucagon
Which part of the ear is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation?
Vestibular system
What is the role of the amygdala in the brain?
Processing emotions, particularly fear and aggression
Which neurotransmitter is associated with muscle contraction and movement?
Acetylcholine
What is the term for the bundle of nerves that extends beyond the spinal cord and connects to the rest of the body?
Peripheral nervous system
Which part of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem-solving?
Cerebrum
What is the function of the cochlea in the ear?
Hearing and conversion of sound waves into nerve impulses
Which hormone is responsible for regulating the body's metabolism?
Thyroxine (thyroid hormone)
What is the purpose of the reflex arc in the nervous system?
Rapid, automatic response to stimuli without conscious thought
Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary functions such as digestion and heartbeat?
Autonomic nervous system
What is the function of the adrenal glands in coordination and control?
Producing hormones like adrenaline in response to stress
Which part of the brain is involved in emotional responses and the sense of smell?
Limbic system
What is the role of the thalamus in the brain?
Relay station for sensory information
Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood, appetite, and sleep?
Serotonin
What is the term for the body's internal biological clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle?
Circadian rhythm
Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons or sensory receptors?
Dendrites
What is the function of the corpus callosum in the brain?
Facilitating communication between the two hemispheres
Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and regulates sleep-wake cycles?
Melatonin
What is the role of the hippocampus in the brain?
Memory formation and spatial navigation
How does the body respond to low oxygen levels in tissues?
Increased production of erythropoietin
Which component of the immune system plays a role in homeostasis by recognizing and attacking pathogens?
White blood cells
What is the term for the process of breaking down stored glycogen into glucose?
Glycogenolysis
How does the body maintain fluid balance in response to dehydration?
Increased production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calcium homeostasis?
Increasing calcium reabsorption from bones
How does the body regulate salt levels in response to low sodium concentration?
Increased aldosterone release to retain sodium
What is the primary function of the spleen in homeostasis?
Filtering and removing old or damaged blood cells
How does the body regulate blood pressure through the baroreceptor reflex?
Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the uterine contractions during childbirth?
Oxytocin
What is the term for the process of water regulation in the body?
Osmoregulation
How does the body respond to an increase in blood sugar levels?
Release of insulin to facilitate glucose uptake by cells
What is the function of melatonin in the regulation of circadian rhythms?
Regulating sleep-wake cycles
How does the body respond to a rise in body temperature?
Sweating and vasodilation
What is the role of erythropoietin in maintaining homeostasis?
Stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow
How does the body regulate body temperature in response to cold environments?
Shivering and vasoconstriction
What is the primary function of the endocrine system in homeostasis?
Producing hormones that regulate various body functions
How do the kidneys contribute to electrolyte balance?
By reabsorbing or excreting ions in urine
What is the role of glucagon in glucose homeostasis?
Stimulating the release of glucose from the liver
How does the body regulate blood calcium levels?
Through parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in homeostasis?
Draining excess fluid and fighting infections
Which hormone is released in response to stress, increasing blood sugar levels?
Cortisol
What is the term for the process of maintaining a constant internal environment despite external changes?
Homeostasis
How does the body respond to a decrease in blood pressure?
Release of renin and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in homeostasis?
Regulating metabolism and energy production
How does the body regulate blood pH levels?
Through the bicarbonate buffer system
Which structure in the kidney filters blood to form urine and maintain electrolyte balance?
Nephron
What is the primary role of insulin in glucose homeostasis?
Facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells
How does the body respond to a decrease in blood oxygen levels?
Increase in respiratory rate and depth
What is the primary function of the integumentary system in homeostasis?
Regulating body temperature through sweat production
Which hormone is responsible for regulating water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
How does the body regulate breathing rate during exercise?
Unchanged carbon dioxide and oxygen levels
Which respiratory center in the brain responds to changes in blood pressure?
Peripheral chemoreceptors
What is the term for the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration?
Inspiratory reserve volume
In which part of the respiratory system does gas exchange occur between the air and blood?
Trachea
What is the primary function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
Aids in vocalization
How is carbon dioxide primarily transported from tissues to the lungs?
As free gas molecules
What is the term for the process of breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide?
Digestion
What is the role of the pleura in the respiratory system?
Facilitating gas exchange
Which respiratory disorder is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli?
Pleurisy
What is the term for the total volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal inspiration?
Residual volume
How does oxygen move from the alveoli into the bloodstream?
Osmosis
Which respiratory center in the brain responds to changes in blood pH and carbon dioxide levels?
Baroreceptors
What is the term for the process of moving air into and out of the alveoli during ventilation?
Internal respiration
Which gas is a product of aerobic cellular respiration within cells?
Nitrogen
What is the primary function of the respiratory pigment myoglobin?
Carbon dioxide transport in the blood
What is the term for the smallest functional unit of the lung where gas exchange occurs?
Trachea
What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?
Produces mucus
How do fish primarily exchange gases in their respiratory system?
Through skin
Which respiratory disorder involves chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes?
Tuberculosis
What is the term for the exchange of gases between the blood and the tissues/cells?
Cellular respiration
Which gas is responsible for the majority of the atmospheric pressure?
Carbon dioxide
What is the term for the amount of air that can be forcibly expelled after a normal tidal volume expiration?
Inspiratory reserve volume
Which respiratory disorder is characterized by the destruction of alveoli and loss of lung elasticity?
Pneumonia
How is carbon dioxide mainly transported in the blood?
As free gas molecules
What is the function of cilia in the respiratory system?
Facilitate gas exchange
Which respiratory center in the brain regulates breathing rhythm?
Cerebellum
What is the primary stimulus for increasing the rate and depth of breathing?
High nitrogen levels
How is oxygen transported in the blood?
Combined with carbon dioxide
Which muscle is primarily responsible for inspiration (inhaling air)?
Abdominal muscles
What is the term for the volume of air inspired and expired with each breath under resting conditions?
Residual volume
