Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions over a:
A) Long period
B) Short period
C) Century
D) Geological era
Climate is defined as the average weather conditions of a place over a period of:
A) 1 month
B) 1 year
C) 10 years
D) 30 years or more
Which gas is most responsible for trapping heat in Earth’s atmosphere?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Hydrogen
Which layer of the atmosphere is responsible for weather phenomena?
A) Stratosphere
B) Mesosphere
C) Troposphere
D) Thermosphere
What is the main factor that influences Earth’s climate?
A) Human activity
B) Solar radiation
C) Ocean currents
D) All of the above
What is the term for the warming of Earth’s surface due to greenhouse gases?
A) Global cooling
B) Ozone depletion
C) Greenhouse effect
D) Acid rain
Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
A) Methane
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Water vapor
Which climate zone is characterized by cold temperatures and ice-covered landscapes?
A) Tropical
B) Desert
C) Polar
D) Temperate
What type of precipitation occurs when raindrops freeze before reaching the ground?
A) Rain
B) Sleet
C) Hail
D) Snow
Which phenomenon causes periodic warming of the Pacific Ocean, affecting global climate patterns?
A) El Niño
B) La Niña
C) Monsoon
D) Tornado
What does a barometer measure?
A) Temperature
B) Wind speed
C) Air pressure
D) Humidity
Which of the following is an example of a microclimate?
A) A desert
B) A rainforest
C) A mountain valley
D) A continent
What is the term for a large body of air with uniform temperature and humidity?
A) Tornado
B) Air mass
C) Hurricane
D) Front
What is the name of the wind system that affects South Asia during summer and winter?
A) Trade winds
B) Westerlies
C) Monsoon
D) Cyclones
What is the strongest category of a hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale?
A) Category 1
B) Category 3
C) Category 5
D) Category 6
Which of these best describes the difference between weather and climate?
A) Weather is short-term, climate is long-term
B) Climate changes daily, weather remains constant
C) Weather refers to only temperature, climate includes all factors
D) Climate is about daily changes, weather is about long-term trends
Which ocean current influences the climate of Western Europe?
A) Gulf Stream
B) El Niño
C) La Niña
D) Indian Ocean Gyre
Which phenomenon is responsible for sudden and intense tropical storms?
A) Tectonic activity
B) Solar flares
C) Cyclogenesis
D) Greenhouse effect
What does the term “albedo” refer to in climate science?
A) The speed of wind
B) The amount of sunlight reflected by a surface
C) The humidity level in the atmosphere
D) The ozone concentration
Which type of cloud is associated with thunderstorms?
A) Cirrus
B) Stratus
C) Cumulonimbus
D) Nimbostratus
Which gas contributes the most to acid rain?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Sulfur dioxide
C) Methane
D) Oxygen
What instrument is used to measure humidity?
A) Thermometer
B) Hygrometer
C) Anemometer
D) Barometer
Which factor is NOT a cause of climate change?
A) Deforestation
B) Industrial pollution
C) Lunar cycles
D) Volcanic eruptions
What is the main driver of the water cycle?
A) Wind
B) Sun
C) Ocean currents
D) Mountains
What is the term for a long period of abnormally dry weather?
A) Flood
B) Drought
C) Tornado
D) Monsoon
Which type of rainfall occurs when warm air is forced to rise over mountains?
A) Convectional rainfall
B) Orographic rainfall
C) Cyclonic rainfall
D) Drizzle
What does the term “wind chill” refer to?
A) The temperature of strong winds
B) The effect of wind making the air feel colder than it actually is
C) The cooling effect of air on the skin
D) A sudden drop in temperature
Which human activity has the greatest impact on global climate change?
A) Fishing
B) Burning fossil fuels
C) Agriculture
D) Deforestation
Which of the following is a key indicator of global warming?
A) Decreasing carbon dioxide levels
B) Rising sea levels
C) More stable weather patterns
D) Increasing ozone layer thickness
