Who was the founder of the Umayyad Caliphate?
A) Umar ibn Khattab
B) Muawiyah I
C) Uthman ibn Affan
D) Yazid I
What was the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate?
A) Mecca
B) Baghdad
C) Damascus
D) Medina
Which battle marked the beginning of Umayyad rule?
A) Battle of Badr
B) Battle of Siffin
C) Battle of Karbala
D) Battle of Yarmouk
Which caliph shifted the capital from Medina to Damascus?
A) Ali ibn Abi Talib
B) Abu Bakr
C) Muawiyah I
D) Marwan I
Which Umayyad caliph introduced hereditary succession?
A) Marwan I
B) Muawiyah I
C) Yazid I
D) Abd al-Malik
Which battle led to the martyrdom of Imam Hussain?
A) Battle of Uhud
B) Battle of Badr
C) Battle of Karbala
D) Battle of Yarmouk
Who was the first Umayyad caliph to adopt Arabic as the official language of the empire?
A) Muawiyah I
B) Yazid I
C) Abd al-Malik
D) Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
What was one of the major achievements of the Umayyad Caliphate?
A) Translation of Greek texts
B) Expansion into Spain
C) Construction of the Taj Mahal
D) Formation of the Ottoman Empire
Who was the last ruler of the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus?
A) Marwan II
B) Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
C) Yazid III
D) Al-Walid II
Which dynasty replaced the Umayyads in 750 CE?
A) Abbasid
B) Fatimid
C) Ottoman
D) Ayyubid
Which Umayyad caliph built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem?
A) Muawiyah I
B) Yazid I
C) Abd al-Malik
D) Umar II
Which region did the Umayyads lose after the Battle of Tours?
A) Persia
B) North Africa
C) Spain
D) France
Who was the only Umayyad ruler in Al-Andalus (Spain) after the fall of Damascus?
A) Al-Walid I
B) Abd al-Rahman I
C) Yazid II
D) Marwan I
Which group strongly opposed the Umayyads and later overthrew them?
A) Mongols
B) Abbasids
C) Byzantines
D) Persians
Which event led to the downfall of the Umayyad Caliphate?
A) Battle of Manzikert
B) Abbasid Revolution
C) Mongol Invasion
D) Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
Who was the Umayyad caliph during the peak of territorial expansion?
A) Muawiyah I
B) Yazid II
C) Al-Walid I
D) Marwan II
What was the primary reason for Umayyad decline?
A) Internal conflicts and revolts
B) Lack of military strength
C) Invasion by the Mongols
D) Defeat by the Crusaders
Which administrative reform was introduced by the Umayyads?
A) Paper currency
B) Use of Arabic as the official language
C) Creation of a standing army
D) Establishment of trade guilds
Which Umayyad caliph attempted to bring religious reforms and is often seen as a just ruler?
A) Yazid I
B) Umar II
C) Marwan I
D) Abd al-Malik
Which empire was the primary rival of the Umayyads in the east?
A) Byzantine Empire
B) Roman Empire
C) Sassanid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
Which battle ended the Umayyad attempt to expand into France?
A) Battle of Yarmouk
B) Battle of Tours
C) Battle of Talas
D) Battle of Hattin
What type of government system did the Umayyads use?
A) Democracy
B) Republic
C) Monarchy
D) Theocracy
What was a key reason for the opposition against the Umayyads?
A) Their pro-Shia policies
B) Their heavy taxation and Arab favoritism
C) Their alliance with the Mongols
D) Their focus on science over religion
How did the Umayyads maintain control over their vast empire?
A) Military conquests and strong administration
B) Alliances with rival tribes
C) Conversion to Christianity
D) Signing treaties with the Abbasids
What was the name of the ruling family of the Umayyads?
A) Hashimids
B) Al-Walid
C) Al-Umayyah
D) Abbasids
Which city became an important cultural and political center under Umayyad rule?
A) Cairo
B) Damascus
C) Istanbul
D) Baghdad
What was the major architectural contribution of the Umayyads?
A) Blue Mosque
B) Dome of the Rock
C) Hagia Sophia
D) Alhambra Palace
Who was the father of Yazid I?
A) Abd al-Malik
B) Muawiyah I
C) Al-Walid I
D) Marwan II
Which battle was fought between Ali and Muawiyah before the Umayyad Caliphate was established?
A) Battle of Badr
B) Battle of Uhud
C) Battle of Siffin
D) Battle of Manzikert
