Which of the following is the statement of the second law of thermodynamics?
a) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
b) The entropy of an isolated system always increases
c) Work is always conserved in a system
d) Temperature remains constant in a closed system
What does the second law of thermodynamics imply about the direction of heat flow?
a) Heat flows from colder bodies to hotter bodies
b) Heat flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies
c) Heat cannot flow at all
d) Heat flows from an equilibrium state
Which of the following is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
a) Perpetual motion machines are possible
b) Energy is always conserved
c) Entropy increases in any natural process
d) Heat can flow from cold to hot spontaneously
The second law of thermodynamics leads to the concept of:
a) Conservation of mass
b) Entropy
c) Energy transfer
d) Work done
Which process is in violation of the second law of thermodynamics?
a) Heat transfer from hot to cold
b) A refrigerator operating in a room with increasing entropy
c) A heat engine working between two reservoirs
d) A perpetual motion machine of the second kind
What does the second law of thermodynamics imply about the efficiency of a heat engine?
a) Efficiency is 100% for all engines
b) Efficiency increases with the temperature difference between reservoirs
c) Efficiency cannot exceed the Carnot limit
d) Efficiency increases as the engine works faster
In a heat engine, if the entropy of the surroundings increases, the process is:
a) Reversible
b) Spontaneous
c) Reversible and isentropic
d) Irreversible
The second law of thermodynamics prevents the possibility of:
a) A machine that works without energy input
b) Heat transfer from cold to hot spontaneously
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
According to the second law of thermodynamics, the total entropy of the universe:
a) Decreases in any spontaneous process
b) Increases in any spontaneous process
c) Remains constant
d) Is independent of the process
Which of the following is an example of an irreversible process according to the second law?
a) Freezing of water at 0°C
b) Compression of an ideal gas
c) Heat transfer from a hot object to a cold object
d) A reversible isothermal expansion
The second law of thermodynamics leads to the concept of:
a) Free energy
b) Work energy
c) Heat engines
d) Entropy change
Which of the following best defines entropy?
a) A measure of the disorder of a system
b) A measure of energy in a system
c) A measure of temperature differences
d) A measure of work done in a system
What is the relationship between entropy and the reversibility of a process?
a) Entropy increases in reversible processes
b) Entropy does not change in reversible processes
c) Entropy decreases in reversible processes
d) Entropy is irrelevant to reversibility
Which of the following processes increases the entropy of the universe?
a) Freezing of water
b) Reversible compression of gas
c) Melting of ice
d) Reversible expansion of gas
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated as:
a) The total entropy of a system remains constant in any process
b) The total entropy of an isolated system tends to increase
c) Work can be completely converted into heat
d) Heat can be completely converted into work
Which of the following is true about the second law of thermodynamics?
a) It applies only to closed systems
b) It suggests that energy is always conserved
c) It allows for the possibility of perpetual motion
d) It predicts that all natural processes tend to increase disorder
In an isolated system, if entropy decreases, the system:
a) Has undergone a reversible process
b) Must be experiencing energy input from outside
c) Is violating the second law of thermodynamics
d) Is in a state of equilibrium
Which of the following statements about the second law of thermodynamics is true?
a) It applies only to closed systems
b) It can be violated in some circumstances
c) It applies only to ideal gases
d) It states that entropy always increases in a spontaneous process
According to the second law, which of the following processes would be spontaneous?
a) Heat transfer from a cold body to a hot body
b) Heat transfer from a hot body to a cold body
c) The compression of gas at constant temperature
d) The compression of gas at high temperature
The second law of thermodynamics is best described as:
a) A statement about the conservation of energy
b) A description of energy efficiency in a system
c) A principle that entropy of an isolated system never decreases
d) A principle about reversible processes
Which of the following systems would have the highest entropy?
a) A perfectly ordered crystal
b) A gas at low temperature
c) A gas at high temperature
d) A liquid at low pressure
If the entropy of the surroundings increases, it indicates:
a) The process is reversible
b) The process is irreversible
c) The process violates the second law
d) The process is adiabatic
According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat engines can never:
a) Operate with zero heat rejection
b) Have an efficiency greater than 100%
c) Operate without any work input
d) Be used in cooling systems
In the context of the second law, the concept of a heat engine’s efficiency is:
a) Directly proportional to the temperature difference between reservoirs
b) Dependent on the energy content of the system
c) Inversely proportional to the temperature difference between reservoirs
d) Independent of the temperature of the reservoirs
