The concept of judicial review allows courts to:
a) Amend the constitution
b) Declare laws unconstitutional
c) Pass new legislation
d) Appoint government officials
Which of the following is a primary function of the judiciary in constitutional development?
a) Enforcing executive orders
b) Interpreting and upholding the constitution
c) Conducting elections
d) Managing public finances
Which court is responsible for constitutional interpretation in the United States?
a) Supreme Court
b) District Court
c) Court of Appeals
d) International Court of Justice
In Pakistan, the power of judicial review is exercised by which institution?
a) Parliament
b) Supreme Court
c) National Assembly
d) Prime Minister’s Office
Which landmark case in the U.S. established the principle of judicial review?
a) Marbury v. Madison
b) Roe v. Wade
c) Brown v. Board of Education
d) Miranda v. Arizona
Which article of the Constitution of Pakistan deals with the independence of the judiciary?
a) Article 175
b) Article 50
c) Article 62
d) Article 200
The judiciary ensures constitutional supremacy by:
a) Controlling the executive branch
b) Reviewing laws and policies
c) Conducting referendums
d) Managing political parties
What is the highest court of appeal in Pakistan?
a) High Court
b) Supreme Court
c) Federal Shariat Court
d) Session Court
Which doctrine allows courts to invalidate unconstitutional laws?
a) Separation of powers
b) Judicial review
c) Habeas corpus
d) Parliamentary sovereignty
The principle of the separation of powers ensures that:
a) The judiciary controls the legislature
b) Each branch of government has independent powers
c) The executive can override court decisions
d) The military governs the judiciary
Which court in Pakistan has the authority to interpret Shariah law?
a) Supreme Court
b) Federal Shariat Court
c) High Court
d) Magistrate Court
Which judicial principle prevents a person from being tried twice for the same offense?
a) Habeas corpus
b) Stare decisis
c) Double jeopardy
d) Ex post facto
What is the primary function of a constitutional court?
a) Enforce traffic laws
b) Interpret and apply the constitution
c) Supervise elections
d) Oversee international treaties
Which system allows the judiciary to strike down executive actions that violate the constitution?
a) Executive privilege
b) Parliamentary supremacy
c) Judicial review
d) Martial law
Which body is responsible for appointing judges in Pakistan?
a) National Assembly
b) Judicial Commission
c) Prime Minister
d) Senate
The concept of “Basic Structure Doctrine” in constitutional law prevents:
a) Unconstitutional amendments
b) Judicial independence
c) Free speech rights
d) Government spending
Which case reinforced judicial independence in Pakistan?
a) Al-Jehad Trust Case
b) Asghar Khan Case
c) Zafar Ali Shah Case
d) Hudood Ordinance Case
The judiciary checks the power of the legislature by:
a) Approving laws
b) Declaring laws unconstitutional
c) Drafting new laws
d) Issuing executive orders
What does the term “rule of law” imply?
a) Laws apply equally to all citizens
b) Only judges can make laws
c) The judiciary controls the government
d) The constitution can be ignored
Which judiciary function ensures fundamental rights are protected?
a) Criminal jurisdiction
b) Constitutional interpretation
c) Legislative oversight
d) Taxation policies
Which constitutional amendment in Pakistan restored the judiciary’s independence?
a) 18th Amendment
b) 8th Amendment
c) 21st Amendment
d) 16th Amendment
Which international court deals with constitutional disputes between nations?
a) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
b) European Court of Human Rights
c) Supreme Court of the United States
d) International Criminal Court (ICC)
What does the term “judicial activism” mean?
a) Judges actively shape laws through rulings
b) Judiciary remains passive in legal disputes
c) Courts refuse to review government actions
d) Judges only interpret past cases
The judiciary ensures democracy by:
a) Supporting political parties
b) Enforcing constitutional laws
c) Controlling the media
d) Conducting elections
Which case strengthened the supremacy of the Indian Constitution?
a) Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
b) Golaknath v. State of Punjab
c) Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
d) Minerva Mills v. Union of India
Which judicial principle means “let the decision stand”?
a) Habeas corpus
b) Stare decisis
c) Ex post facto
d) Ultra vires
A “writ of habeas corpus” ensures:
a) Protection against unlawful detention
b) Right to privacy
c) Right to own property
d) Government secrecy
Which court has the final say in interpreting the U.S. Constitution?
a) Congress
b) Supreme Court
c) President
d) Senate
The term “due process” refers to:
a) Fair legal procedures
b) Parliamentary sovereignty
c) Presidential authority
d) Military control
