The political decision-making process can be best described as:
a) A method for creating policies based solely on public opinion
b) A sequence of steps that leaders follow to make decisions for a country
c) A democratic way to choose the best candidates
d) A series of discussions among the elites to maintain control
Which of the following is the first step in the political decision-making process?
a) Policy implementation
b) Identifying the issue or problem
c) Formulating alternatives
d) Evaluating the decision
Who is typically involved in the political decision-making process?
a) Only the president
b) Only the judiciary
c) Government officials, political parties, interest groups, and citizens
d) Only business leaders
Which of the following is a key factor influencing political decision-making?
a) Public opinion
b) The amount of funding available
c) Technological advancements
d) The geographical location of the country
In the political decision-making process, who often sets the agenda for political decisions?
a) Political parties and government officials
b) Ordinary citizens
c) International organizations
d) Local non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
The process of evaluating alternatives before making a political decision is called:
a) Policy formulation
b) Agenda setting
c) Decision analysis
d) Policy implementation
Which of the following is an essential element in the political decision-making process?
a) Clear communication of alternatives to the public
b) Secretive decision-making to avoid public dissent
c) Random selection of decision-makers
d) Political parties making decisions independently of the public
In political decision-making, which group is most likely to be involved in the policymaking process?
a) Bureaucrats
b) International organizations
c) Political elites and interest groups
d) Only the president
A common outcome of political decision-making is:
a) Immediate satisfaction of all political parties
b) A policy or law that addresses the identified issue
c) Disagreement among the decision-makers
d) The total elimination of the problem
The role of public opinion in political decision-making is:
a) Irrelevant to the process
b) Always the deciding factor
c) An important factor that shapes decisions
d) Only considered in authoritarian regimes
Which phase of political decision-making involves choosing the best alternative based on a thorough evaluation?
a) Policy formulation
b) Agenda setting
c) Decision-making
d) Policy implementation
In the political decision-making process, which group plays a key role in determining whether a decision will be implemented?
a) The judiciary
b) Bureaucrats and public administration officials
c) Media representatives
d) International agencies
Which of the following is a key influence on political decision-making in a democracy?
a) Military power
b) Political parties and elections
c) Control over economic resources
d) Centralized government control
Who are considered the primary actors in the political decision-making process in a parliamentary system?
a) The monarch and military leaders
b) The president and vice president
c) Members of parliament and the prime minister
d) Political parties alone
A decision-making model where different political actors with varying interests negotiate and compromise is called:
a) Pluralist model
b) Rational choice model
c) Elitist model
d) Decision by decree
Which of the following best characterizes the role of political parties in decision-making?
a) Political parties decide what policies will be enacted without consulting the public
b) Political parties serve as a mechanism for aggregating interests and formulating policies
c) Political parties primarily focus on judicial matters
d) Political parties only influence foreign policy
What is the final step in the political decision-making process?
a) Policy formulation
b) Decision evaluation
c) Policy implementation
d) Agenda setting
The political decision-making process is most likely to succeed when:
a) Decisions are made by one leader in a highly centralized system
b) There is open communication and involvement of all stakeholders
c) Public participation is minimized
d) Only elite groups have access to decision-making power
Which of the following best describes decision-making in an authoritarian regime?
a) There is widespread consultation with the public
b) Decision-making is highly centralized in the hands of a single leader or small group
c) Political parties play a significant role in policy development
d) The decision-making process is based on democratic values
In which stage of the political decision-making process are public opinions and interests considered?
a) Policy evaluation
b) Policy implementation
c) Policy formulation
d) Agenda setting
In decision-making, which is considered a key factor in the evaluation of alternatives?
a) Feasibility and potential impact
b) Public perception of political parties
c) The personal interests of politicians
d) International approval
Which decision-making model assumes that decision-makers act in a rational, logical way to maximize benefits?
a) The Incremental Model
b) The Rational Choice Model
c) The Elite Model
d) The Bargaining Model
Which of the following is an example of agenda-setting in political decision-making?
a) Public protests and demonstrations pushing a specific issue to the political agenda
b) Direct approval of policies by the government
c) The president deciding unilaterally on policy without consultation
d) Immediate implementation of a law
The influence of interest groups in political decision-making is primarily through:
a) Lobbying and campaign contributions
b) Appointing judges
c) Controlling the media
d) Directly enacting laws
The concept of “bounded rationality” in political decision-making suggests that:
a) Decision-makers have unlimited access to information
b) Decision-makers have limited time and resources, thus making decisions with partial information
c) Decision-makers always act in their best interests
d) Political decisions are made without constraints
Which of the following is true about political decision-making in democracies?
a) Decisions are made by a single leader without input from others
b) Decision-making is more transparent and involves public participation
c) The public is excluded from the process
d) Political decisions are made without regard for public opinion
Political decision-making can be influenced by:
a) Only the ruling party
b) The preferences of powerful elites and interest groups
c) Citizens through democratic means and elections
d) Only bureaucratic officials
