The Rational Choice Theory in policy-making assumes that policymakers:
a) Act based on emotions
b) Make decisions by maximizing benefits and minimizing costs
c) Rely solely on public opinion
d) Follow instinct rather than evidence
Which theory suggests that policy decisions are the result of negotiations and compromises among competing interest groups?
a) Rational Choice Theory
b) Pluralist Theory
c) Elite Theory
d) Systems Theory
According to Elite Theory, public policies are primarily influenced by:
a) The general public
b) Interest groups
c) A small group of powerful individuals
d) Elected officials only
The Incrementalism Model of policy-making suggests that:
a) Policies are developed in large, transformative steps
b) Policy changes occur gradually through small adjustments
c) Policymakers always have perfect information
d) Governments avoid making changes
Which theory describes the interaction between policymakers and external factors such as public opinion and international pressures?
a) Systems Theory
b) Group Theory
c) Game Theory
d) Bureaucratic Model
Punctuated Equilibrium Theory in policy-making suggests that:
a) Policy remains stable until sudden major shifts occur
b) Policies evolve consistently over time
c) Bureaucrats drive all policy changes
d) Economic factors have no influence on policy changes
Which policy-making theory is based on competition among different societal groups?
a) Pluralist Theory
b) Rational Choice Theory
c) Institutionalism
d) Incrementalism
The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) suggests that policy-making is driven by:
a) Independent policymakers acting alone
b) Conflicting coalitions with shared beliefs
c) Bureaucratic structures only
d) Short-term political goals
Which of the following best describes Game Theory in policy-making?
a) It views policy-making as a strategic interaction among players
b) It focuses solely on economic policies
c) It suggests that all policies are random
d) It eliminates the role of uncertainty in decision-making
In Multiple Streams Theory, which of the following is NOT one of the streams?
a) Policy stream
b) Problem stream
c) Political stream
d) Elite stream
Who is the main proponent of the Multiple Streams Framework in policy-making?
a) John Kingdon
b) David Easton
c) Charles Lindblom
d) Robert Dahl
Which policy-making model argues that policies emerge from continuous feedback and environmental changes?
a) Systems Theory
b) Punctuated Equilibrium
c) Elite Theory
d) Game Theory
What does Institutionalism in policy-making focus on?
a) The role of individuals in shaping policy
b) The influence of formal structures and rules
c) Randomized decision-making processes
d) The dominance of political parties
Which theory suggests that public policies reflect the preferences of the economic elite?
a) Incrementalism
b) Elite Theory
c) Pluralist Theory
d) Systems Theory
Which of the following theories is associated with bounded rationality?
a) Rational Choice Theory
b) Incrementalism
c) Garbage Can Model
d) Systems Theory
According to the Bureaucratic Model of policy-making, who plays a significant role in shaping policies?
a) Political leaders
b) Interest groups
c) Government agencies and civil servants
d) Media organizations
Which policy-making theory suggests that problems, solutions, and decision-makers float around and come together by chance?
a) Garbage Can Model
b) Pluralist Theory
c) Rational Choice Theory
d) Incrementalism
The Public Choice Theory applies economic principles to:
a) Private businesses only
b) Government decision-making
c) The entertainment industry
d) The military sector
According to the Policy Diffusion Theory, policies spread across governments due to:
a) Complete isolation
b) Imitation and learning from others
c) A lack of communication
d) Random selection
What does the Institutional Rational Choice Theory emphasize?
a) Individual emotions in policy-making
b) The role of institutions in shaping rational decisions
c) The elimination of formal structures
d) The dominance of public opinion
Which of the following theories argues that policies are shaped by deep-rooted ideologies?
a) Discourse Theory
b) Incrementalism
c) Systems Theory
d) Bureaucratic Model
Which theory suggests that policies are influenced by media narratives?
a) Elite Theory
b) Media Agenda-Setting Theory
c) Garbage Can Model
d) Game Theory
What does the Policy Feedback Theory emphasize?
a) Policies are created without public input
b) Existing policies shape future political behavior and institutions
c) All policies remain unchanged over time
d) Governments do not rely on past policies
Which policy-making approach highlights the influence of scientific data and research?
a) Evidence-Based Policy-Making
b) Punctuated Equilibrium
c) Advocacy Coalition Framework
d) Rational Choice Theory
Which of the following is a key criticism of Incrementalism?
a) It assumes radical policy shifts
b) It slows down necessary policy changes
c) It ignores past policies
d) It promotes elite dominance
Which policy-making theory suggests that crises can create windows of opportunity for change?
a) Multiple Streams Framework
b) Discourse Theory
c) Pluralist Theory
d) Game Theory
Which theory explains why some policies remain unchanged despite public demand?
a) Path Dependency
b) Advocacy Coalition Framework
c) Rational Choice Theory
d) Institutionalism
Which model focuses on the unintended consequences of policies?
a) Complexity Theory
b) Rational Choice Theory
c) Incrementalism
d) Systems Theory
