What is the primary goal of normalization in a database?
a) To reduce redundancy and improve data integrity
b) To improve data retrieval speed
c) To increase data redundancy
d) To ensure faster transaction processing
Which of the following is the first normal form (1NF) requirement?
a) No partial dependencies
b) All attributes must be atomic
c) No transitive dependencies
d) No redundancy
What is the purpose of second normal form (2NF)?
a) To remove partial dependency
b) To ensure no transitive dependencies
c) To eliminate duplicate columns
d) To combine tables for faster queries
Which of the following is a characteristic of third normal form (3NF)?
a) Elimination of partial dependencies
b) Elimination of transitive dependencies
c) Elimination of multi-valued dependencies
d) All of the above
Which of the following is true about Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)?
a) Every determinant is a candidate key
b) It removes all functional dependencies
c) It allows partial dependencies
d) It allows transitive dependencies
Which of the following is a violation of the first normal form (1NF)?
a) Storing duplicate data in different rows
b) Storing multi-valued attributes in a single field
c) Having transitive dependencies between columns
d) Having partial dependencies in a table
What is a potential disadvantage of normalization?
a) Increased data redundancy
b) Reduced query performance due to more joins
c) Increased complexity in designing tables
d) Difficulty in defining primary keys
What is denormalization in database design?
a) The process of removing redundancy and improving data integrity
b) The process of combining multiple tables into one to improve performance
c) The process of removing tables that are not needed
d) The process of ensuring all data is consistent
Which of the following is an indexing technique used to speed up the retrieval of data?
a) Binary Search
b) Hashing
c) B-tree indexing
d) All of the above
Which of the following is a primary advantage of using indexes in a database?
a) They reduce redundancy
b) They improve query performance
c) They ensure data integrity
d) They increase data redundancy
Which type of index is most commonly used in relational databases?
a) Clustered index
b) Non-clustered index
c) Composite index
d) Hash index
What is a clustered index?
a) An index where the data is stored in a separate file from the index
b) An index where the data is physically sorted according to the index
c) An index that allows for quick searches using a hash function
d) An index that is used for non-relational databases
Which of the following statements is true about composite indexes?
a) They use multiple columns for indexing
b) They only index one column
c) They are used for tables with very few columns
d) They do not improve query performance
Which type of index does not affect the physical ordering of data?
a) Clustered index
b) Non-clustered index
c) Composite index
d) Full-text index
Which of the following is a characteristic of hash indexing?
a) It stores data in sorted order
b) It uses a hashing function to map keys to specific locations
c) It is ideal for range queries
d) It is slower than B-tree indexing
Which of the following scenarios is ideal for using a non-clustered index?
a) When you need to store data in sorted order
b) When the indexed column is frequently used in queries
c) When you need to store large amounts of data
d) When only one column is involved in most queries
What is the main disadvantage of creating too many indexes in a database?
a) Increased storage requirements
b) Slower data retrieval
c) Higher data integrity
d) Decreased complexity in queries
Which of the following is true about the uniqueness of an index in a database?
a) An index can be created on any column, but it must be unique
b) An index must be unique in order to be created
c) An index can be created on non-unique columns
d) An index must always be composite
What does an index improve in a database query?
a) Data consistency
b) Data retrieval speed
c) Data security
d) Data integrity
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using composite indexes?
a) They require more storage space
b) They improve query performance for all types of queries
c) They reduce the number of joins needed
d) They are faster to create than regular indexes
Which type of query is best suited for a hash index?
a) Range queries
b) Exact match queries
c) Join queries
d) Aggregation queries
In which situation would you most likely use a clustered index?
a) When you need to index a column that contains unique data
b) When you need to improve range query performance
c) When you are working with non-relational data
d) When you want to ensure that the data is not sorted
Which of the following is a key benefit of denormalization?
a) It reduces redundancy
b) It decreases storage requirements
c) It speeds up read operations by reducing the need for joins
d) It ensures data consistency
Which of the following is an example of a violation of second normal form (2NF)?
a) Storing multi-valued attributes in a single field
b) A non-prime attribute is functionally dependent on a part of a candidate key
c) Storing redundant data across multiple tables
d) Storing transitive dependencies in a single table
What type of indexing is most commonly used for text searching?
a) B-tree indexing
b) Hash indexing
c) Full-text indexing
d) Clustered indexing
Which of the following best describes the concept of “indexing” in databases?
a) A method of securing data
b) A way of organizing data to improve retrieval speed
c) A technique to backup data
d) A method of encrypting sensitive information
What does the term “partial dependency” refer to in the context of normalization?
a) A non-prime attribute is dependent on the entire primary key
b) A non-prime attribute is dependent on a part of the primary key
c) A dependency between two non-prime attributes
d) A functional dependency that violates third normal form
What is a key disadvantage of using a clustered index?
a) It slows down insertions and updates
b) It requires more storage space
c) It does not improve performance
d) It allows for non-unique values in indexed columns
