What is the typical size range of nanomaterials?
a) 1-10 mm
b) 1-100 nm
c) 1-10 cm
d) 1-100 μm
Which of the following is a common method for synthesizing nanoparticles?
a) Sol-gel process
b) Electroplating
c) Thermite reaction
d) Fractional distillation
Which type of microscopy is primarily used to observe nanoparticles?
a) Optical microscope
b) Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
c) Compound microscope
d) Projection microscope
Which quantum effect becomes significant at the nanoscale?
a) Superconductivity
b) Quantum confinement
c) Blackbody radiation
d) Classical mechanics
Which carbon-based nanomaterial is known for its high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength?
a) Graphene
b) Diamond
c) Fullerene
d) Quartz
What is the main advantage of using nanotechnology in medicine?
a) Smaller surgical instruments
b) Targeted drug delivery
c) Faster DNA replication
d) Stronger bones
Which of the following is an application of nanotechnology in electronics?
a) Nano-sized transistors
b) Vacuum tubes
c) Cathode ray tubes
d) Electric generators
Which of these materials exhibits extraordinary mechanical strength due to nanostructuring?
a) Nanocomposites
b) PVC plastic
c) Glass fiber
d) Paper pulp
Which technique is commonly used for fabricating nanostructures?
a) Lithography
b) Welding
c) Casting
d) Molding
What is the primary use of carbon nanotubes in nanotechnology?
a) Insulation
b) Reinforcement in composite materials
c) Food preservation
d) Fuel production
Which principle is crucial for the self-assembly of nanoparticles?
a) Thermodynamics
b) Newton’s laws
c) Quantum entanglement
d) Chaos theory
What is the significance of a high surface-area-to-volume ratio in nanomaterials?
a) Increases reactivity
b) Decreases electrical conductivity
c) Reduces melting point
d) Improves color stability
Which type of forces dominate at the nanoscale?
a) Gravitational forces
b) Van der Waals forces
c) Nuclear forces
d) Electromagnetic repulsion
Which of the following is a bottom-up approach in nanotechnology?
a) Etching
b) Lithography
c) Self-assembly
d) Grinding
What property of nanoparticles allows them to be used in catalysis?
a) Large size
b) High surface area
c) Low reactivity
d) Poor conductivity
Which of the following is an example of a quantum dot application?
a) Solar cells
b) Concrete production
c) Paper manufacturing
d) Wood carving
Which nanomaterial is commonly used in antimicrobial coatings?
a) Silver nanoparticles
b) Gold nanoparticles
c) Copper wire
d) Aluminum oxide
Which field benefits the most from nanosensors?
a) Agriculture
b) Telecommunication
c) Medicine
d) Carpentry
Which of the following is a key challenge in nanotechnology?
a) Scaling up production
b) Lack of applications
c) Excess weight of materials
d) Weak mechanical properties
Which of the following best describes the role of nanotechnology in energy storage?
a) Improves battery efficiency
b) Reduces battery lifespan
c) Increases fuel consumption
d) Weakens electrical conductivity
Which technique is used to measure the size of nanoparticles?
a) Spectroscopy
b) X-ray diffraction
c) Dynamic light scattering
d) Ultrasonic testing
Which of the following is NOT a property of nanomaterials?
a) High surface reactivity
b) Quantum mechanical effects
c) Low melting point
d) Macroscopic behavior
Which of the following is a real-world example of a nanotechnology-based product?
a) Sunscreen with nanoparticles
b) Wooden furniture
c) Cast iron pipes
d) Conventional light bulbs
How does nanotechnology improve water purification?
a) Increases water pressure
b) Enhances filtration using nanoparticles
c) Boils water at high temperature
d) Reduces surface tension
Which of the following methods is used for nanomaterial characterization?
a) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
b) Optical lens imaging
c) Weighing scale
d) Electrical multimeter
Which of the following properties of nanomaterials is different from bulk materials?
a) Density
b) Chemical reactivity
c) Atomic structure
d) Molar mass
Which phenomenon causes the color variations in gold nanoparticles?
a) Surface plasmon resonance
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Thermal expansion
d) Radioactive decay
Which nanomaterial is widely used in flexible electronics?
a) Graphene
b) Zinc oxide
c) Boron carbide
d) Iron oxide
Which of the following is an ethical concern regarding nanotechnology?
a) Environmental toxicity
b) Increased weight of materials
c) Reduced energy efficiency
d) Slower chemical reactions
