Which of the following is a direct application of the first law of thermodynamics?
a) Refrigeration
b) Heat engines
c) Air conditioning
d) All of the above
The second law of thermodynamics states that: a) Energy can be created or destroyed
b) Heat cannot flow from colder to hotter bodies without external work
c) The entropy of a closed system decreases
d) Entropy remains constant in an isolated system
Which of the following is an example of an irreversible process as per the second law of thermodynamics?
a) Free expansion of gas
b) Melting of ice at room temperature
c) Compression of gas in a piston
d) Heating water in a kettle
Which law of thermodynamics is responsible for the operation of heat engines?
a) Zeroth law
b) First law
c) Second law
d) Third law
The third law of thermodynamics implies that as the temperature approaches absolute zero: a) The entropy of the system increases
b) The entropy of the system approaches a constant
c) The entropy of the system decreases
d) The system reaches a state of maximum disorder
In a heat engine, the efficiency depends on: a) The temperature difference between the heat source and the heat sink
b) The working substance used in the engine
c) The pressure of the gas inside the engine
d) The volume of the gas inside the engine
According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true?
a) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transformed
b) Heat energy always flows from colder to hotter objects
c) A system cannot perform work without energy input
d) Energy in a system is constant and cannot change
The principle of a Carnot engine is based on which law of thermodynamics?
a) First law
b) Second law
c) Zeroth law
d) Third law
In the operation of a refrigerator, which thermodynamic principle is used?
a) Heat is absorbed from the surroundings and transferred to the surroundings
b) Heat is absorbed from a colder reservoir and rejected to a hotter one
c) Work is done to maintain a high temperature
d) Entropy increases in the system and decreases in the surroundings
Which of the following is an application of the second law of thermodynamics?
a) Heat engines
b) Refrigerators
c) The fact that energy disperses in an isolated system
d) All of the above
What does the third law of thermodynamics imply about the temperature at absolute zero?
a) The system reaches maximum entropy
b) The system reaches minimum entropy
c) The system’s energy is zero
d) The system’s volume becomes zero
Which of the following machines operates based on the first law of thermodynamics?
a) Refrigerator
b) Carnot engine
c) Stirling engine
d) All of the above
In the context of thermodynamics, which statement about entropy is true?
a) Entropy decreases in reversible processes
b) Entropy increases in irreversible processes
c) Entropy remains constant for all processes
d) Entropy is not related to temperature
A system undergoing a cyclic process has: a) Zero change in internal energy
b) Positive work done on the system
c) Negative work done by the system
d) None of the above
Which law of thermodynamics is the basis for the operation of an ideal heat engine?
a) Zeroth law
b) First law
c) Second law
d) Third law
In a thermodynamic process, if the volume remains constant, the process is called: a) Isochoric
b) Isothermal
c) Adiabatic
d) Isobaric
Which of the following processes would be considered an example of a reversible process in thermodynamics?
a) Free expansion of gas
b) Reversible compression of a gas
c) Heat flow from hot to cold objects naturally
d) Spontaneous chemical reaction
The efficiency of a heat engine is always less than 100% due to: a) The second law of thermodynamics
b) The first law of thermodynamics
c) The third law of thermodynamics
d) The zeroth law of thermodynamics
Which of the following represents a direct consequence of the first law of thermodynamics?
a) The amount of work done by a system depends on the heat added to the system
b) The entropy of the system decreases as work is done
c) Heat can be created from nothing
d) Heat and work are interchangeable
Which law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed?
a) Zeroth law
b) First law
c) Second law
d) Third law
The second law of thermodynamics introduces the concept of: a) Energy conservation
b) Entropy and irreversibility
c) Work done by a system
d) Heat conduction
What does the third law of thermodynamics say about the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero?
a) The entropy is zero
b) The entropy is at a maximum
c) The entropy is infinity
d) The entropy depends on the temperature
Which of the following statements is true regarding the first law of thermodynamics?
a) Heat is always transferred from a colder body to a hotter body without doing work
b) Energy can be created from nothing
c) The internal energy of a system is the sum of its heat and work
d) Work is always positive in thermodynamic processes
Which of the following is a practical application of the second law of thermodynamics?
a) The operation of a steam engine
b) The formation of a crystal at absolute zero
c) The ability of a refrigerator to transfer heat from cold to hot
d) Both a and c
What is a direct consequence of the second law of thermodynamics regarding the flow of heat?
a) Heat flows spontaneously from cold to hot objects
b) Heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold objects
c) Heat can never flow from one object to another
d) Heat always results in the creation of work
