What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?
a) A legally binding international treaty
b) A non-binding document outlining fundamental human rights
c) A national law applicable only in the U.S.
d) A guideline for corporate governance
Which international body is responsible for promoting and protecting human rights globally?
a) World Trade Organization (WTO)
b) United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)
c) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
d) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Which of the following is considered a human rights violation?
a) Freedom of speech
b) Arbitrary detention and torture
c) Fair trial procedures
d) Equal access to education
What is the purpose of the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
a) To handle trade disputes
b) To prosecute individuals for war crimes and crimes against humanity
c) To enforce tax laws
d) To regulate international banking
Which document serves as the foundation for human rights law?
a) Geneva Convention
b) Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
c) Paris Agreement
d) Bretton Woods Agreement
What does the term “genocide” refer to?
a) A type of natural disaster
b) The systematic extermination of a group based on ethnicity or religion
c) A form of political reform
d) A diplomatic strategy
Which of the following is an example of a human rights violation related to labor?
a) Providing health benefits to workers
b) Ensuring workplace safety
c) Forced child labor
d) Paid maternity leave
Which international treaty aims to eliminate discrimination against women?
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
c) Geneva Convention
d) Maastricht Treaty
What is the role of Amnesty International?
a) To oversee economic policies
b) To advocate for human rights and investigate violations
c) To regulate international trade
d) To monitor environmental laws
Which legal principle protects individuals from being punished without due process?
a) Presumption of innocence
b) Double jeopardy
c) Habeas corpus
d) Ex post facto law
What does the term “refoulement” mean in human rights law?
a) Deporting refugees to a country where they may face persecution
b) Granting asylum to displaced individuals
c) Offering financial aid to migrants
d) Implementing travel restrictions
Which organization investigates and documents cases of human rights abuses worldwide?
a) World Bank
b) Human Rights Watch (HRW)
c) United Nations Security Council
d) World Economic Forum
Which type of human rights violation is associated with authoritarian regimes?
a) Free press and independent judiciary
b) Political repression and suppression of dissent
c) Universal healthcare and education
d) Protection of minority rights
What is the main purpose of the Geneva Conventions?
a) To regulate international trade
b) To protect individuals during armed conflicts
c) To establish financial policies
d) To govern space exploration
What is an example of a human rights violation in digital governance?
a) Protecting online privacy
b) Government mass surveillance without oversight
c) Enforcing strong cybersecurity laws
d) Ensuring internet access for all citizens
Which human right is protected under Article 19 of the UDHR?
a) Right to privacy
b) Right to freedom of expression
c) Right to education
d) Right to own property
Which of the following is considered a war crime?
a) Targeting civilians during armed conflicts
b) Protecting prisoners of war
c) Providing medical aid to injured soldiers
d) Granting asylum to refugees
Which law protects individuals from torture and cruel treatment?
a) Convention Against Torture (CAT)
b) International Trade Agreement
c) Kyoto Protocol
d) World Health Organization Treaty
Which institution is responsible for monitoring human rights violations in Europe?
a) European Court of Human Rights (ECHR)
b) NATO
c) European Central Bank
d) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
What is the main goal of transitional justice?
a) Strengthening economic policies
b) Addressing past human rights violations and ensuring accountability
c) Expanding military operations
d) Promoting industrialization
Which of the following is a violation of the right to a fair trial?
a) Providing legal representation
b) Secret trials without legal defense
c) Jury trials
d) Open and public court hearings
Which convention focuses on the rights of refugees?
a) Paris Agreement
b) 1951 Refugee Convention
c) Basel Convention
d) Marrakesh Treaty
What does the term “forced displacement” refer to?
a) Voluntary migration
b) The forced removal of individuals due to conflict, persecution, or natural disasters
c) Business relocation
d) International tourism
Which form of discrimination is prohibited under human rights law?
a) Employment based on qualifications
b) Racial segregation and exclusion
c) Merit-based promotions
d) Equal pay for equal work
Which right is protected under Article 3 of the UDHR?
a) Right to life, liberty, and security
b) Right to vote
c) Right to access the internet
d) Right to free trade
