Everyday Science

Geology and Earth Sciences MCQs with Answers

Welcome to the Geology and Earth Sciences MCQs with Answers. In this post, we are sharing Geology and Earth Sciences Multiple Choice Questions and Answers in Everyday Science section for various competitive exams in Pakistan. Each question offers a chance to enhance your knowledge regarding Geology and Earth Sciences online MCQs Test.

Which layer of the Earth is composed mostly of iron and nickel?
A) Core
B) Mantle
C) Crust
D) Lithosphere

Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma?
A) Igneous
B) Sedimentary
C) Metamorphic
D) Organic

What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by physical or chemical means?
A) Weathering
B) Erosion
C) Sedimentation
D) Metamorphism

Which type of plate boundary is characterized by plates moving away from each other?
A) Divergent
B) Convergent
C) Transform
D) Plateaus

What is the name of the supercontinent that existed around 300 million years ago?
A) Pangaea
B) Gondwana
C) Laurasia
D) Rodinia

Which type of volcano is characterized by its explosive eruptions and steep profile?
A) Stratovolcano
B) Shield volcano
C) Cinder cone
D) Lava dome

Which type of rock forms from the accumulation of sediments?
A) Sedimentary
B) Igneous
C) Metamorphic
D) Granite

What is the name of the process that involves the movement of sediment from one location to another?
A) Erosion
B) Weathering
C) Lithification
D) Metamorphism

Which of the following is the largest layer of the Earth?
A) Mantle
B) Crust
C) Core
D) Lithosphere

What type of fault is characterized by horizontal movement of the rocks along the fault plane?
A) Strike-slip fault
B) Normal fault
C) Reverse fault
D) Thrust fault

Which mineral is commonly found in granite and gives it a light color?
A) Quartz
B) Olivine
C) Pyroxene
D) Biotite

What is the name of the layer of the Earth’s mantle that behaves plastically and allows for plate tectonics?
A) Asthenosphere
B) Lithosphere
C) Mesosphere
D) Core

Which geological feature is formed by the accumulation of lava flows from a shield volcano?
A) Shield volcano
B) Composite volcano
C) Cinder cone
D) Caldera

Which type of rock is formed from the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure?
A) Metamorphic
B) Sedimentary
C) Igneous
D) Organic

What is the name of the boundary where two tectonic plates collide?
A) Convergent boundary
B) Divergent boundary
C) Transform boundary
D) Passive boundary

Which of the following is a sedimentary rock?
A) Sandstone
B) Marble
C) Granite
D) Basalt

What type of rock is basalt?
A) Igneous
B) Sedimentary
C) Metamorphic
D) Organic

Which process describes the formation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges?
A) Seafloor spreading
B) Subduction
C) Erosion
D) Weathering

Which layer of the Earth is composed mostly of silicate minerals?
A) Crust
B) Mantle
C) Core
D) Lithosphere

What type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the release of ash and gases rather than lava flows?
A) Explosive eruption
B) Effusive eruption
C) Submarine eruption
D) Phreatomagmatic eruption

Which type of rock forms from the consolidation of sediments?
A) Sedimentary
B) Igneous
C) Metamorphic
D) Magmatic

Which mineral is the hardest on the Mohs scale of hardness?
A) Diamond
B) Quartz
C) Talc
D) Topaz

What is the term for a large, circular depression formed by a volcanic eruption?
A) Caldera
B) Crater
C) Vent
D) Cone

Which geological process involves the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles?
A) Weathering
B) Erosion
C) Lithification
D) Plate tectonics

Which type of rock is formed from the cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface?
A) Intrusive igneous
B) Extrusive igneous
C) Sedimentary
D) Metamorphic

What is the primary force driving plate tectonics?
A) Mantle convection
B) Gravitational pull
C) Magnetic fields
D) Solar energy

Which type of fault is associated with horizontal shear stress?
A) Strike-slip fault
B) Normal fault
C) Reverse fault
D) Thrust fault

Which rock is formed from the compression of plant material over millions of years?
A) Coal
B) Granite
C) Marble
D) Basalt

What is the name of the layer of the Earth located between the crust and the core?
A) Mantle
B) Lithosphere
C) Asthenosphere
D) Mesosphere

Which of the following is a common metamorphic rock?
A) Schist
B) Sandstone
C) Limestone
D) Shale

What type of volcano is characterized by alternating layers of lava and ash?
A) Stratovolcano
B) Shield volcano
C) Cinder cone
D) Lava dome

Which mineral group is characterized by a silicate tetrahedron structure?
A) Silicates
B) Carbonates
C) Oxides
D) Sulfides

Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary rock?
A) Limestone
B) Basalt
C) Granite
D) Marble

What is the term for the molten rock that reaches the Earth’s surface?
A) Lava
B) Magma
C) Ash
D) Pumice

Which geological structure is formed when magma cools and solidifies underground?
A) Intrusion
B) Lava flow
C) Tuff
D) Ash cloud

Which rock type is characterized by the presence of foliation?
A) Metamorphic
B) Sedimentary
C) Igneous
D) Organic

What is the process called when sediment is converted into rock through compaction and cementation?
A) Lithification
B) Erosion
C) Weathering
D) Metamorphism

Which type of tectonic boundary is characterized by plates sliding past each other?
A) Transform
B) Convergent
C) Divergent
D) Subduction

What is the term for a volcanic eruption that involves a sudden release of gas and ash?
A) Plinian eruption
B) Hawaiian eruption
C) Strombolian eruption
D) Vulcanian eruption

Which mineral is commonly associated with the presence of gold?
A) Quartz
B) Calcite
C) Feldspar
D) Mica

What is the term for the boundary where oceanic crust is forced below continental crust?
A) Subduction zone
B) Rift zone
C) Divergent boundary
D) Transform fault

Which layer of the Earth is composed mostly of iron and nickel alloy?
A) Core
B) Mantle
C) Crust
D) Lithosphere

Which type of sedimentary rock forms from the evaporation of seawater?
A) Rock salt
B) Shale
C) Conglomerate
D) Sandstone

Which type of volcanic rock is characterized by a glassy texture and rapid cooling?
A) Obsidian
B) Pumice
C) Basalt
D) Andesite

What is the term for a fracture in rocks along which there has been significant movement?
A) Fault
B) Joint
C) Fold
D) Fracture

Which rock type is formed from the alteration of limestone due to heat and pressure?
A) Marble
B) Sandstone
C) Shale
D) Basalt

Which term describes the process by which rocks are melted into magma?
A) Melting
B) Solidification
C) Erosion
D) Lithification

Which of the following is a common type of sedimentary rock that forms from compacted plant material?
A) Coal
B) Granite
C) Pumice
D) Rhyolite

What is the name of the slow movement of soil and rock down a slope?
A) Landslide
B) Erosion
C) Rockfall
D) Creep

Which layer of the Earth is known for having the most extreme temperatures and pressures?
A) Core
B) Mantle
C) Crust
D) Lithosphere

Which type of rock is characterized by a vesicular texture due to trapped gas bubbles during formation?
A) Pumice
B) Basalt
C) Granite
D) Gabbro

Which type of rock is formed from the accumulation of mineral grains and organic material?
A) Sedimentary
B) Igneous
C) Metamorphic
D) Magmatic

Which mineral is commonly used to make glass due to its high silica content?
A) Quartz
B) Feldspar
C) Calcite
D) Mica

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