What is the primary objective of public policy?
a) Maximizing corporate profits
b) Addressing public issues through governmental action
c) Promoting individual business interests
d) Reducing government intervention
Which phase comes first in the policy-making process?
a) Implementation
b) Evaluation
c) Agenda setting
d) Policy adoption
Public policy is mainly formulated by which of the following?
a) Private organizations
b) Government institutions
c) International NGOs
d) Individual citizens
Which model of public policy focuses on cost-benefit analysis?
a) Incremental model
b) Rational model
c) Group theory
d) Elite theory
The process of implementing a public policy is primarily carried out by:
a) Judiciary
b) Bureaucracy
c) Legislature
d) Civil society organizations
Which theory suggests that policies are influenced by elite groups rather than the general public?
a) Pluralist theory
b) Group theory
c) Elite theory
d) Institutional theory
Which of the following is an example of redistributive policy?
a) Defense spending
b) Tax breaks for corporations
c) Social welfare programs
d) Infrastructure development
What does the term “policy evaluation” refer to?
a) The process of implementing policies
b) The study of the impacts and effectiveness of policies
c) The initial stage of policy-making
d) The legislative approval of policies
Which of the following is NOT a type of public policy?
a) Regulatory policy
b) Distributive policy
c) Procedural policy
d) Competitive policy
The term “incrementalism” in public policy refers to:
a) Rapid and radical changes in policies
b) Small, gradual adjustments to existing policies
c) Completely new policy formulation
d) Ignoring past policies while making new ones
Which branch of government is primarily responsible for making public policies?
a) Executive
b) Judiciary
c) Legislature
d) Military
Which of the following factors can influence public policy-making?
a) Economic conditions
b) Public opinion
c) Interest groups
d) All of the above
What is the role of think tanks in public policy?
a) Implementing policies
b) Conducting research and providing policy recommendations
c) Enforcing policies through legal measures
d) Drafting laws in the legislature
A regulatory policy is mainly designed to:
a) Provide financial assistance to citizens
b) Control or limit certain behaviors
c) Redistribute wealth among different groups
d) Encourage private sector investments
Which public policy approach considers historical decisions as a basis for future policies?
a) Game theory
b) Historical institutionalism
c) Pluralism
d) Rational choice theory
Which of the following is an example of an economic policy?
a) Free healthcare programs
b) Minimum wage regulations
c) Climate change agreements
d) Military defense policies
The term “policy diffusion” refers to:
a) The process of spreading policies across different jurisdictions
b) The evaluation of failed policies
c) The rejection of policies by legislators
d) The elimination of old policies
Which institution is responsible for judicial review of public policies?
a) Parliament
b) Supreme Court
c) Executive branch
d) Bureaucracy
Foreign policy is primarily concerned with:
a) Domestic economic regulation
b) Government interactions with other nations
c) Public health programs
d) Local infrastructure development
Which policy-making model emphasizes the competition of different interest groups?
a) Rational choice model
b) Group theory
c) Institutional model
d) Bureaucratic model
Which of the following best describes public-private partnerships in policymaking?
a) Policies made exclusively by private corporations
b) Joint efforts between government and private sector to deliver public services
c) Government policies that oppose privatization
d) Public protests against private sector involvement
What is the significance of a policy window?
a) A time period when a policy is officially terminated
b) An opportunity for policymakers to push for change
c) A regulation limiting policy changes
d) A closed session of policymakers
Which of the following is an example of a distributive policy?
a) Tax cuts for high-income earners
b) Public infrastructure projects
c) Anti-monopoly regulations
d) Military interventions
What does the term “policy feedback” refer to?
a) Public protests against a policy
b) The influence of past policies on future policy decisions
c) The rejection of a policy by legislators
d) The rapid revision of policies
Which of the following is a key characteristic of welfare policies?
a) They aim to reduce government spending
b) They provide social benefits to specific groups
c) They focus exclusively on economic growth
d) They discourage social assistance programs
What is an example of an environmental public policy?
a) Trade tariffs on foreign goods
b) Carbon emission regulations
c) Corporate tax reductions
d) Education subsidies
Which stage of the policy cycle involves making modifications based on feedback?
a) Formulation
b) Implementation
c) Evaluation
d) Agenda-setting
