What is the point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates?
a) Epicenter
b) Hypocenter (Focus)
c) Seismic zone
d) Fault line
What is the instrument used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
a) Barometer
b) Seismograph
c) Anemometer
d) Hygrometer
Which scale is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
a) Richter scale
b) Beaufort scale
c) Fujita scale
d) Mercalli scale
What is the name of the region where most of the world’s earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
a) Tornado Alley
b) Pacific Ring of Fire
c) Bermuda Triangle
d) Himalayan Belt
Which type of seismic wave travels fastest through the Earth’s interior?
a) S-waves
b) P-waves
c) Surface waves
d) Love waves
What causes most earthquakes?
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Movement of tectonic plates
c) Meteorite impacts
d) Heavy rainfall
What is the name of a large sea wave caused by an underwater earthquake?
a) Hurricane
b) Tsunami
c) Cyclone
d) Monsoon
Which layer of the Earth is responsible for plate tectonics?
a) Inner core
b) Outer core
c) Mantle
d) Crust
Which type of fault is associated with horizontal movement of tectonic plates?
a) Normal fault
b) Reverse fault
c) Strike-slip fault
d) Thrust fault
Which type of volcano has a broad, gentle slope and is primarily built up by lava flows?
a) Cinder cone
b) Composite volcano
c) Shield volcano
d) Stratovolcano
What is molten rock called when it is inside the Earth’s crust?
a) Lava
b) Magma
c) Sediment
d) Ash
What is the largest active volcano on Earth?
a) Mount Vesuvius
b) Mount St. Helens
c) Mauna Loa
d) Mount Fuji
Which type of volcanic eruption is the most explosive?
a) Hawaiian
b) Strombolian
c) Plinian
d) Icelandic
What is the name of the depression formed when a volcano collapses into itself?
a) Crater
b) Lava dome
c) Caldera
d) Fissure
Which type of plate boundary is most associated with volcanic activity?
a) Transform boundary
b) Divergent boundary
c) Convergent boundary
d) Passive boundary
Which natural disaster is most likely to trigger a landslide?
a) Hurricane
b) Earthquake
c) Tornado
d) Drought
What is a pyroclastic flow?
a) A slow-moving lava flow
b) A high-speed avalanche of hot gas, ash, and rock
c) A type of earthquake wave
d) A cloud formation before an eruption
Which city was famously destroyed by Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD?
a) Athens
b) Pompeii
c) Rome
d) Alexandria
What is the primary gas emitted by volcanoes?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Hydrogen
d) Nitrogen
Which country has the most active volcanoes?
a) Japan
b) Indonesia
c) United States
d) Italy
Which earthquake scale measures intensity based on observed effects rather than magnitude?
a) Richter scale
b) Mercalli scale
c) Fujita scale
d) Beaufort scale
What is the main reason why earthquakes cause damage to buildings?
a) The shaking motion
b) The heat generated
c) The noise produced
d) The increase in atmospheric pressure
Which type of earthquake wave is responsible for most of the surface damage?
a) P-waves
b) S-waves
c) Surface waves
d) Love waves
What is the name for a small earthquake that occurs before a larger one?
a) Aftershock
b) Foreshock
c) Mainshock
d) Seismic burst
Which of the following is a safety measure during an earthquake?
a) Running outside immediately
b) Standing under a doorway
c) Taking cover under a sturdy table
d) Standing next to windows
Which factor determines the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption?
a) The volcano’s location
b) The amount of silica in the magma
c) The speed of magma flow
d) The presence of water underground
What is the term for the movement of magma toward the surface before an eruption?
a) Seismic activity
b) Magma intrusion
c) Volcanic tremor
d) Magma uplift
Which part of the Earth’s crust is most prone to earthquakes?
a) Tectonic plate interiors
b) Coastal areas
c) Plate boundaries
d) Ocean trenches
Which type of volcanic eruption is the least explosive?
a) Hawaiian
b) Strombolian
c) Plinian
d) Vulcanian
Which U.S. state has the highest earthquake activity?
a) California
b) Texas
c) Florida
d) New York
