Decentralization is the process of transferring power from:
a) Central government to local government
b) Judiciary to legislature
c) Private sector to public sector
d) Executive to judiciary
Which of the following is not a type of decentralization?
a) Political
b) Administrative
c) Economic
d) Religious
Devolution refers to:
a) Temporary delegation of power
b) Permanent transfer of power to local governments
c) Privatization of public services
d) Centralization of decision-making
Which type of decentralization involves transferring decision-making power to local elected bodies?
a) Administrative
b) Political
c) Fiscal
d) Economic
Which of the following is a benefit of decentralization?
a) Increased efficiency in governance
b) Reduced citizen participation
c) Strengthened central authority
d) Elimination of local governments
Fiscal decentralization involves:
a) Giving financial autonomy to local governments
b) Increasing federal government control over budget
c) Reducing tax collection at local levels
d) Centralizing financial resources
Which country is known for its strong decentralized governance system?
a) China
b) France
c) Switzerland
d) North Korea
The 18th Amendment in Pakistan enhanced:
a) Centralization of governance
b) Devolution of power to provinces
c) Military intervention in governance
d) Reduction of provincial autonomy
Which international organization promotes decentralization in governance?
a) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
b) World Trade Organization (WTO)
c) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
d) NATO
Decentralization strengthens democracy by:
a) Encouraging citizen participation in governance
b) Eliminating local governments
c) Strengthening central authority
d) Reducing political representation
Which of the following is a challenge of decentralization?
a) Weak local institutions
b) Increased public participation
c) Improved service delivery
d) Stronger governance transparency
The Local Government Ordinance 2001 in Pakistan aimed at:
a) Centralizing power at the federal level
b) Devolving power to local governments
c) Strengthening military rule
d) Reducing provincial autonomy
Which level of government gets more authority in decentralization?
a) Federal Government
b) Local Government
c) International Organizations
d) Judiciary
Devolution improves public service delivery by:
a) Reducing bureaucratic delays
b) Increasing corruption
c) Strengthening central control
d) Reducing local government authority
Which of the following is an example of administrative decentralization?
a) Giving financial resources to provinces
b) Shifting decision-making power to local authorities
c) Transferring taxation rights to local governments
d) Eliminating provincial legislatures
The main goal of fiscal decentralization is to:
a) Ensure local financial autonomy
b) Increase central government control over taxation
c) Restrict local governments from generating revenue
d) Reduce provincial budgets
Which country follows a unitary governance system with limited decentralization?
a) United States
b) United Kingdom
c) France
d) Canada
Which of the following is a barrier to successful devolution?
a) Strong central control
b) Effective public participation
c) Well-trained local government officials
d) Increased financial autonomy
Which article of the Constitution of Pakistan ensures the establishment of local governments?
a) Article 140-A
b) Article 25
c) Article 270
d) Article 62
Which province in Pakistan was the first to implement a devolution plan under the 18th Amendment?
a) Sindh
b) Punjab
c) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
d) Balochistan
Which of the following is an advantage of devolution?
a) Increased responsiveness to local needs
b) Greater centralization of power
c) Reduced political competition
d) Decreased economic growth
Which governance system supports higher decentralization?
a) Federal system
b) Unitary system
c) Dictatorship
d) Monarchy
Which political leader introduced the Basic Democracies System in Pakistan?
a) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
b) Pervez Musharraf
c) Ayub Khan
d) Benazir Bhutto
Which of the following is an example of political decentralization?
a) Holding local government elections
b) Central government appointing local representatives
c) Military overseeing local councils
d) National Assembly making local laws
Which government level benefits the most from decentralization?
a) Local government
b) Federal government
c) International organizations
d) Military
Which factor is necessary for effective devolution?
a) Strong local institutions
b) Weak governance structure
c) Centralized taxation
d) Absence of local elections
What does “autonomy” in decentralization mean?
a) Local governments making independent decisions
b) Federal control over all decision-making
c) Provincial governments eliminating local authorities
d) International organizations running local governments
Which governance model promotes higher citizen engagement?
a) Decentralization
b) Centralization
c) Dictatorship
d) Military rule
Which factor strengthens local governance in a decentralized system?
a) Transparent decision-making
b) Political interference
c) Excessive bureaucracy
d) Centralized control
