What is dark matter?
a) A type of matter that interacts with light
b) A form of energy that powers stars
c) A mysterious substance that exerts gravitational effects but does not emit light
d) A chemical element found in black holes
What percentage of the universe is made up of dark matter and dark energy combined?
a) 10%
b) 27% dark matter and 68% dark energy
c) 50%
d) 100%
What is dark energy responsible for in the universe?
a) The formation of galaxies
b) The accelerating expansion of the universe
c) The rotation of stars
d) The creation of black holes
Which of the following is an effect of dark matter?
a) It causes objects to move faster than expected due to its gravitational pull
b) It can be directly observed through telescopes
c) It is visible in the electromagnetic spectrum
d) It does not exert any gravitational influence
How do scientists detect the presence of dark matter?
a) By observing its light emission
b) By measuring its gravitational effects on visible matter
c) By analyzing cosmic radiation
d) By detecting its heat signature
What type of particles are hypothesized to make up dark matter?
a) Protons
b) Neutrinos
c) WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles)
d) Electrons
Which of the following is true about dark energy?
a) It is a form of matter that can be detected through gravitational effects
b) It is the cause of the universe’s accelerating expansion
c) It is a type of visible energy
d) It is only present in black holes
What is the primary difference between dark matter and dark energy?
a) Dark matter has mass and exerts gravitational force, while dark energy accelerates the expansion of the universe
b) Dark matter is visible, while dark energy is invisible
c) Dark matter powers stars, while dark energy powers galaxies
d) Dark matter is found inside black holes, while dark energy is outside galaxies
What evidence suggests that dark matter exists?
a) The rotation curves of galaxies
b) The formation of stars
c) The existence of supernovae
d) The cosmic microwave background radiation
Which experiment or observation helped lead to the discovery of dark energy?
a) The measurement of supernova distances in the late 1990s
b) The first observation of black holes
c) The detection of cosmic rays
d) The mapping of the cosmic microwave background
What happens when galaxies collide, according to the theory of dark matter?
a) Dark matter is destroyed during collisions
b) Dark matter concentrates in the central region of the galaxies
c) Dark matter is scattered away from the galaxies
d) Dark matter causes the galaxies to stop moving
What does the cosmological constant (Λ) represent in Einstein’s equations?
a) The gravitational constant
b) A form of dark matter
c) A form of dark energy
d) The expansion rate of galaxies
Which type of galaxy clusters provides evidence for the existence of dark matter?
a) Spiral galaxies
b) Elliptical galaxies
c) Galaxy clusters with missing visible matter
d) Irregular galaxies
What is one possible candidate particle for dark matter?
a) Higgs boson
b) Photon
c) Neutrino
d) WIMP
Which of the following is a challenge in detecting dark matter?
a) It emits radiation that interferes with detection
b) It has no gravitational effects
c) It does not interact with electromagnetic forces
d) It can be seen using visible light
What would the universe’s fate likely be if dark energy did not exist?
a) The universe would collapse in a “Big Crunch”
b) The universe would remain static and unchanging
c) The universe would stop expanding
d) The universe would become a “Big Freeze”
What role does dark matter play in the formation of galaxies?
a) It slows down the formation of galaxies
b) It provides the necessary mass to help form galaxies
c) It causes galaxies to collapse into black holes
d) It has no impact on galaxy formation
How is dark matter detected in galaxy clusters?
a) By its ability to emit X-rays
b) Through its gravitational influence on light and visible matter
c) By observing its effects on planetary motion
d) By measuring its interaction with cosmic rays
What is the relationship between dark matter and gravitational lensing?
a) Dark matter bends light, creating gravitational lensing effects
b) Dark matter causes light to scatter randomly
c) Dark matter emits high-energy light that interferes with lensing
d) Dark matter has no effect on gravitational lensing
What is one possible consequence if dark energy becomes stronger over time?
a) The expansion of the universe would slow down
b) The universe could collapse
c) The universe’s expansion would accelerate even more
d) Dark energy would dissipate
What is a “vacuum energy” in the context of dark energy?
a) Energy that comes from the movement of galaxies
b) The energy stored in black holes
c) A type of energy inherent to empty space, associated with dark energy
d) Energy generated by the fusion of dark matter
Which of the following is a characteristic of dark matter?
a) It is luminous and visible
b) It interacts with normal matter via electromagnetic forces
c) It has mass and affects the motion of galaxies
d) It is made up of ordinary atomic matter
What discovery led to the conclusion that the expansion of the universe is accelerating?
a) Observing supernovae as standard candles
b) Measuring the cosmic microwave background
c) Detecting gravitational waves
d) Mapping the distribution of galaxies
How does dark matter influence galaxy rotation?
a) It slows down the rotation
b) It speeds up the rotation at the galaxy’s edges
c) It has no effect on galaxy rotation
d) It causes galaxies to stop rotating
What is the “Big Rip” scenario related to dark energy?
a) A sudden stop in the expansion of the universe
b) The universe’s acceleration slows down dramatically
c) The universe accelerates so much that galaxies, stars, and even atoms are torn apart
d) The formation of a massive black hole at the center of the universe
What is the “dark sector” in cosmology?
a) The study of black holes and singularities
b) A theoretical model to explain the behavior of dark matter and dark energy
c) A term used for the outermost regions of the universe
d) The study of planetary atmospheres
