What is the main objective of cyber warfare?
a) Promoting international trade
b) Disrupting and damaging an enemy’s digital infrastructure
c) Enhancing communication between nations
d) Establishing diplomatic relations
Which of the following is a key target in a cyber warfare attack?
a) Military communication networks
b) Civilian infrastructure such as power grids
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Which country is known for its advanced cyber warfare capabilities and attacks on foreign entities?
a) United States
b) Russia
c) China
d) India
What is “hacking” in the context of cyber warfare?
a) Gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for malicious purposes
b) Enhancing digital security
c) Promoting data encryption
d) Engaging in diplomatic cyber discussions
Which term refers to an attack that involves overwhelming a system with traffic to make it unavailable?
a) Phishing
b) Denial of Service (DoS)
c) Ransomware
d) Malware
What is the role of “cyber espionage” in international security?
a) Preventing digital fraud
b) Gathering sensitive political, economic, or military information from adversaries
c) Promoting international trade agreements
d) Ensuring digital privacy rights
Which organization works to promote international cooperation in cyber security?
a) NATO
b) United Nations
c) International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
d) European Union
What is “ransomware” in the context of cyber warfare?
a) A form of cyber espionage
b) A type of software used for hacking government networks
c) Malware that encrypts data and demands payment for release
d) A method of ensuring data protection
Which of the following is an example of a cyberattack used for geopolitical purposes?
a) Hacking a corporation’s financial systems
b) A cyberattack targeting military defense systems of a rival country
c) Spreading fake news on social media
d) Increasing public awareness of cybersecurity threats
What term is used to describe a group or individual responsible for cyberattacks, often for political or financial gain?
a) Cybercriminal
b) Hacker
c) APT (Advanced Persistent Threat)
d) Ethical hacker
Which of the following is the most common form of cyber attack targeting individuals?
a) Phishing
b) Denial of Service (DoS)
c) Ransomware
d) Malware
Which country was reportedly the target of the 2007 cyberattacks that paralyzed its government and private sector?
a) United States
b) Estonia
c) United Kingdom
d) France
What is “cyber defense” in the context of international security?
a) The strategy of defending against traditional military threats
b) A system of securing digital networks and systems from cyberattacks
c) A method for increasing economic productivity through technology
d) A peacekeeping mission conducted online
What type of cyberattack involves modifying digital data to create false information?
a) Phishing
b) Data manipulation
c) Man-in-the-middle attack
d) Malware injection
Which of the following is NOT a common technique used in cyber warfare?
a) Denial of Service (DoS)
b) Phishing
c) Decrypting classified military communications
d) Targeted malware
What is a “zero-day exploit” in cyber warfare?
a) A type of malware used in cyberattacks
b) An attack that exploits a vulnerability that is unknown to the system vendor
c) A method of tracking military movements online
d) A way of tracking social media behavior
Which international body has implemented guidelines for combating cybercrime?
a) United Nations
b) World Trade Organization
c) International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
d) World Health Organization
Which country is accused of launching cyberattacks against Ukraine’s infrastructure during the ongoing conflict with Russia?
a) United States
b) Russia
c) China
d) North Korea
What is the main challenge in defending against cyberattacks in international security?
a) The difficulty in identifying attackers
b) Lack of digital surveillance systems
c) Poor international cooperation
d) Financial barriers to securing digital infrastructure
What type of cyberattack is designed to steal sensitive government or corporate data?
a) Phishing
b) Cyber espionage
c) Denial of Service (DoS)
d) Ransomware
Which security measure involves preventing unauthorized access to computer systems by monitoring network traffic?
a) Firewall
b) Encryption
c) Two-factor authentication
d) Anti-virus software
Which of the following is a significant risk associated with cyber warfare?
a) Inability to control the impact of digital attacks
b) Decreasing diplomatic relations
c) Increasing military spending
d) Boosting trade negotiations
Which concept refers to a situation where cyberattacks result in real-world harm, such as causing physical damage or loss of life?
a) Cyber terrorism
b) Cyber sabotage
c) Cyber espionage
d) Cybersecurity breach
Which organization works with member states to develop strategies for global cyber security and governance?
a) NATO
b) European Union
c) United Nations
d) International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
What is the “cybersecurity arms race” in the context of international security?
a) Countries competing to develop the best defense mechanisms against cyberattacks
b) The development of new economic sanctions in the digital realm
c) Global efforts to prevent cybercrime
d) A peaceful resolution to digital security conflicts
Which type of cyber attack involves intercepting and altering communications between two parties?
a) Phishing
b) Man-in-the-middle attack
c) Denial of Service (DoS)
d) Trojan horse attack
What type of response do countries often initiate when they identify state-sponsored cyberattacks?
a) Economic sanctions
b) Diplomatic discussions
c) Military retaliation
d) Expulsion of diplomats
Which cyber attack involves the delivery of malicious software to compromise and control systems?
a) Ransomware
b) Trojan horse
c) Denial of Service (DoS)
d) Data breach
What is the role of digital forensics in cyber warfare?
a) To collect, analyze, and preserve evidence of cybercrime
b) To develop new hacking techniques
c) To negotiate peace in cyberspace
d) To monitor social media activities
Which security measure is used to protect data integrity in the event of a cyber attack?
a) Backup systems
b) Encryption
c) Firewalls
d) Anti-virus software
Which of the following is an example of a state-sponsored cyberattack?
a) Sony Pictures hack attributed to North Korea
b) Phishing attack targeting individuals
c) Malware targeting online banking systems
d) A virus attacking personal computers worldwide
