What is the primary goal of genetic engineering?
A) To enhance plant growth naturally
B) To modify genetic material for desired traits
C) To decrease biodiversity
D) To eliminate all genetic mutations
Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sequences?
A) DNA polymerase
B) Ligase
C) Restriction enzyme
D) Helicase
What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?
A) Cutting DNA
B) Joining DNA fragments
C) Synthesizing RNA
D) Unwinding DNA strands
Which process involves inserting foreign DNA into an organism’s genome?
A) PCR
B) Gel electrophoresis
C) Transformation
D) DNA sequencing
What is the full form of PCR?
A) Polymerase Chain Reaction
B) Protein Coding Reaction
C) Prokaryotic Cell Reproduction
D) Phospholipid Catalyzed Reaction
Which organism is commonly used as a vector in genetic engineering?
A) Fungi
B) Bacteria
C) Viruses
D) Algae
Which of the following is an application of biotechnology in medicine?
A) Production of genetically modified crops
B) Development of vaccines
C) Industrial wastewater treatment
D) Mineral extraction
Which genetic material is used in CRISPR technology?
A) mRNA
B) rRNA
C) DNA
D) RNA guide molecule
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during PCR?
A) DNA ligase
B) Reverse transcriptase
C) Taq polymerase
D) Helicase
Which genetically modified organism (GMO) is widely used in agriculture?
A) BT cotton
B) Wild wheat
C) Hybrid mango
D) Organic tomatoes
Which step follows DNA extraction in genetic engineering?
A) Gel electrophoresis
B) DNA synthesis
C) Gene cloning
D) Protein expression
Which of the following is a cloning vector?
A) Plasmid
B) Ribosome
C) ATP molecule
D) Chromosome
Which technique separates DNA fragments based on size?
A) PCR
B) Southern blotting
C) Gel electrophoresis
D) Western blotting
Which method is used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells?
A) Gene gun method
B) CRISPR
C) Southern blotting
D) Northern blotting
Which type of stem cells can differentiate into any cell type?
A) Multipotent
B) Pluripotent
C) Unipotent
D) Totipotent
What is the primary function of CRISPR-Cas9?
A) DNA sequencing
B) Gene editing
C) Protein synthesis
D) Cell division
Which technique is used to amplify small DNA samples?
A) Western blotting
B) PCR
C) Gene therapy
D) Hybridization
Which of the following is a benefit of genetic modification in agriculture?
A) Increased pesticide use
B) Reduced crop yield
C) Enhanced resistance to pests
D) Reduced genetic diversity
Which technique is used to transfer genes between species?
A) DNA fingerprinting
B) Recombinant DNA technology
C) Hybridization
D) Natural selection
What is gene therapy used for?
A) To correct genetic disorders
B) To create transgenic animals
C) To clone organisms
D) To produce artificial proteins
Which of the following is a genetically modified animal?
A) Cloned sheep Dolly
B) Organic cow
C) Hybrid pigeon
D) Wild-type mouse
What is the role of a vector in genetic engineering?
A) To store genetic data
B) To carry foreign DNA into a host cell
C) To produce proteins
D) To break down genes
Which method is commonly used for DNA sequencing?
A) Northern blotting
B) Sanger sequencing
C) Gene cloning
D) DNA hybridization
Which field of biotechnology involves the production of insulin using genetically engineered bacteria?
A) Industrial biotechnology
B) Agricultural biotechnology
C) Medical biotechnology
D) Environmental biotechnology
What does recombinant DNA technology involve?
A) Cloning of an entire organism
B) Splicing DNA from different sources
C) Producing natural antibiotics
D) Altering protein structures
Which of the following is an ethical concern in genetic engineering?
A) Increased crop yield
B) Potential genetic discrimination
C) Improved medical treatments
D) Reduced pesticide use
What is the function of ribosomes in biotechnology?
A) DNA replication
B) Protein synthesis
C) Gene splicing
D) Cell division
Which of the following is an example of bioinformatics?
A) Studying animal behavior
B) Analyzing genetic sequences using software
C) Growing bacteria in a lab
D) Producing vaccines
What is the purpose of electroporation in genetic engineering?
A) To amplify DNA
B) To extract proteins
C) To introduce DNA into cells using an electric field
D) To break down cell membranes
